384 CIRCUS ^RUGINOSUS. 



the upper parts is deep umber-brown, of the lower deep reddish- 

 brown. The upper peart of the head and a large portion of the 

 neck, including the throat, are white tinged with yellowish- 

 brown ; the bristles at the base of the bill black, the shafts of 

 the feathers of the head brown. The smaller wing-coverts are 

 of a paler brown, their tips brownish-white, and some of the 

 scapulars have a broad yellow line along the middle of the 

 outer web. The primary quills are blackish-brown, the rest of 

 a lighter tint, all slightly margined with brownish-grey. The 

 tail is light brown, tinged with grey, and tipped with brownish- 

 white, the lateral feathers irregularly marked with brownish- 

 red on their inner webs. The downy parts and bases of the 

 feathers are grey, but on the head and neck pure white. 



Length to end of tail 21 i inches ; wing from flexure 16^% ; 

 tail 10 ; bill along the ridge 1^^^, along the edge of lower 

 mandible 1 j-\ 5 tarsus 8/^ ; first toe |%, its claw l^^^ ; second 

 toe 1, its claw li^a ; third toe lj%, its claw 1 ; fourth toe 1/^, 

 its claw j%. 



Female. — The female, which is considerably larger, is simi- 

 lar to the male. An individual selected for description is as 

 follows : — The upper parts are umber-brown, with the terminal 

 margins of the feathers paler ; the lower dark reddish-brown. 

 The head, upper part of the hind-neck, the fore part of the 

 loral space, and the throat are yellowish-white, with brown 

 shaft-lines. The bristles about the base of the bill are black ; 

 the hind part of the loral space, a portion of the cheek, and 

 the ear-coverts, brown. Some of the feathers on the middle 

 of the neck behind, and on the fore part of the back, together 

 with a patch on the wing near the scapulars, are yellowish- 

 white, with brown shaft-lines. The primary quills are blackish- 

 brown, with a tinge of reddish purple ; their inner webs at the 

 base brownish-grey mottled with darker ; the secondary quills 

 chocolate-brown ; all the quills slightly margined with brown- 

 ish-grey. On the rump, the feathers are tipped with brownish- 

 red. The tail-feathers are brown tinged with grey, tipped with 

 reddish- white ; the inner webs of most of them paler, and 

 variegated with brownish-red. The lower parts are of a deep 



