EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



PLATE XIV. Digestive Organs of Creepers and Wood- 

 peckers. Natural size. The same letters refer to the same 

 parts in all. 



Fig. 1. Digestive Organs of the Wren, 

 Anorthura Troglodytes. 



a, h, c, the oesophagus. 



b, c, proventriculus. 

 d, stomach. 



d, e,f, duodenum. 



g,j, rest of intestine. 



h, coeca. 



i,j, cloacal dilatation of the rectum. 



Fig. 2. Digestive Organs of the Creeper, 



Cer thia familiaris. 

 Fig. 3. Digestive Organs of the Nut- 

 hatch, Sitta europcea. 

 The stomach remarkably large. 



Fig. 4. Digestive Orgatis of the Pied 

 Woodpecker, Picus Pipra. 



The oesophagus extremely dilated in its 

 proventricular portion, b, c ; the sto- 

 mach rather small, but muscular ; the 

 intestine wide ; no coeca ; the cloaca 

 extremely large. 



Fig. 5. Digestive Organs of the Green 

 Woodpecker, Picus viridis. 



The same circumstances as in the Pied 

 Woodpecker ; the stomach still smaller. 



PLATE XV. Tongue and Trachea of the Green Woodpecker 

 Picus viridis. Natural size. 



Fig. 1, 2. Diagrams illustrative of an 

 Extensile Tongue. 



Fig. 3. Lateral View of the Head and 

 Neck, shewing the Tongue, Hyoid 

 Bones, Salivary Glands, Trachea 

 and its Muscles. 



a, b, mandibles. 



c, d, e, tongue. 



/, g, hyoid bone and its muscle. 



h, orbit. 



/, /, salivary glands. 



j, neck. 



k, k, oesophagus. 



I, I, trachea. 



m, m, lateral muscles of trachea. 



n, n, 0, cleido-tracheal muscles. 



Fig. 4. Head of the Green Woodpecker, 

 viewed from below. 



b, lower mandible, 

 f , i, salivary glands. 

 f, g, hyoid bones and muscles. 



