GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEYS. 99 



Results. — The report of his work, u pamphlet of but 56 pages, 

 did not appear until 1866. The first 15 pages of this was given up to 

 "General principles" and the remainder to " Economical geolog}-." 



In part first he recognized the following geological horizons, be- 

 ginning with the oldest and lowermost: (1) Coal measures, (2) Per- 

 mian, (3) Triassic, (4) Cretaceous, (5) Drift, (6) Loess, and (7) 

 Alluvium. It would appear that the development within the State 

 of either the Sub-Carboniferous or the Tertiary deposits was unrecog- 

 nized. In the short notice given to the Cretaceous deposits which 

 had received very little attention, tliere was foreshadowed the dis- 

 covery that the Kansas Cretaceous system yields true chalk. 



Considerable attention was given in this report to the items of coal 

 and salt. In connection with the former he gave some account of 

 the boring for coal which had then begun in Leavenworth County, 

 and a geological section of the strata of Leavenworth County was given 

 to a depth of 400 feet. This boring ultimately reached coal at a 

 depth of over TOO feet. A full description of the Tuthill salt marsh 

 in Republic County was given, and references made to other de- 

 velopments of salt brines in wells, streaks, and springs. Some of 

 these were compared with the sources of salt utilized in New York 

 and elsewhere, and analyses and m.ethods of manufacture also given 

 in detail. 



Expenses. — The total expense of the year's work was apparently 

 covered by the appropriation — $3,500. 



SECOND SURVEY UNDER GEORGE C. SWALLOW, 1865-1866. 

 An act makiug an appropriation for a geological fjiirvey. 



Be it. enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: 



Section 1. The governor is liereby authorized to appoint, with the consent 

 of the senate, a State geologist for the State of Kansas, whose term of service 

 shall commence on the first day of March, 1805. 



Skc. 2. That the sura of $7,500, or so much thereof as may be needed. Is 

 hereby appropriated out of any money in the State treasury not otherwise 

 appropriated for the prosecution of the geological survey for the year 1865: 

 Provided, Tliat services rendered or expense incurred by the State geologist 

 Khali not be paid until a detailed statement, specifying tlie number of days' 

 service and tlie items of expenses, verified by affidavit and approved by the 

 governor, be filed with the auditor of state. 



Sec. 3. The auditor of state shall issue his warrant on the treasurer of the 

 state for such accounts as the governor shall approve. 



Sec. 4. This act sliall take effect and be in force from and after Its publica- 

 tion once in the Daily State Record. 



.Approved February 1], 1SG5. 



Administration and personnel. — Under this law G. C. Swallow, 

 paleontologist for the first survey, became director. Otherwise the 

 personnel remained as under Professor Mudge's administration. 



