110 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. 



Where tlie simultaueous occurrence of both coal and abundant beds of rich 

 iron ore has been proved, the rise in the value of the property has been pro- 

 portionately greater. 



During the whole period of the survey under Doctor Owen and 

 up to the present day in its second epoch new beds of coal have been 

 discovered in the detailed examination of the extensive coal fields of 

 Kentucky. The location, the thickness, and extent, as well as the 

 composition, character, and value of the coals are given to the public 

 in the reports, tending continually to the development and increase 

 of value of the comparatively unappreciated territory of the State. 



This statement applies not only to the coals, but also to its asso- 

 ciated extensive iron ores, tlie fire clays and plastic clays, and the 

 limestone strata which underlie it, giving building stones, cement 

 rock, and lime for the architect and for other purposes. The build- 

 ing stone of the Knob or Waverly formation, the rich limestone of 

 the lower Silurian, yielding by its ready disintegration the blue-grass 

 rich soil of central Kentucky; even the siliceous and aluminous de- 

 posists of the Tertiary region of the southwestern part of the State 

 were described and their technological value ascertained and shown. 



Lastly, but not least, Kentucky being mainly an agricultural State, 

 and Doctor Owen having a predilection for agricultural chemistry, 

 the soils of the State have been more extensively collected, analyzed, 

 and studied in a systematic manner than those of any other territory ; 

 and the published reports of the results of these thorough and ex- 

 tensive examinations give very valuable information to the intelli- 

 gent immigrant, as well as to the resident farmer who can read and 

 understand them. 



The immigration of skilled workers and intelligent agriculturists 

 and the influx of capital to settle and improve the new lands, now 

 held at prices far below their value, and the development of the 

 rich mineral deposits of the State, measurably neglected or ignored, 

 are thus invited, and aided and by the aid of new capital and skill 

 public internal improvements are stimulated and manufactures of 

 various kinds increased. 



The new and accurate topographical, geodetical, and geological 

 map of the State, with the detailed similar maps of the several coun- 

 ties, begun imder Doctor Owen and now in progress of perfection, 

 will be of value to the public very far above any reasonable expendi- 

 ture for the same. 



SECOND SURVEY UNDER N. S. SHALER AND J. R. PROCTOR, 1873-1893. 



The death of Dr. D, D. Owen in 1860 and the threatened disaster 

 of a Civil War caused the discontinuation of the first survey. The 



