GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEYS. 117 



of the assistants to $7 a day for the time they were actually in 

 service. 



The plan for the conduct of the survey noted above consisted of: 



1. A general reconnoissance of the ground in order to secure the 

 outlines of the problems which have to be met. 



2. The formation of an accurate topographical map, vrhich should 

 give, on the scale of at least 1 inch of map distance for every mile 

 of country, the exact relations of every stream, hill, and valley 

 throughout the State. 



3. A geological survey which should be so exact as to indicate, on 

 colored sheets of this map, the precise limits of each formation, so 

 that the owner of any land, by the use of his map, and the accom- 

 panying diagrams and reports, might be able to determine, as nearly 

 as possible, what lies beneath it. 



4. A careful stud}^ of living animals and plants within the State, 

 in order that their usefulness to man, the means of their nurture or 

 destruction, and their relation to the fossil life, shown by the geo- 

 logical survey, may adequately be determined. 



5. The study of the physical conditions existing in the State—- 

 climate, magnetic variations, etc. 



6. The presentation of this knowledge in such fashion tluit may 

 be best suited to secure its preservation and ready use within the 

 State, and its dissemination abroad. 



7. The extension of the study of science within the State. 



With a view of accomplishing a maximum amount of work within 

 the limits of tlie appropriation, a letter was addressed to many of the 

 State senators and representatives, asking each to name, from his 

 own county, some person willing to make himself a volunteer agent 

 of the survey. As a result of this the following volunteer corps was 

 organized: J. R, Anderson, Eev. Dr. Colby, Prof. Failes, W. O. 

 Graves, W. T. Knott, J. M. Litton, A. B. Lyman, M. Powell, Colonel 

 Rand, Thomas Turner, and R. Twyman. Subsequently, and for 

 varying periods, the following were added: C. J. Norwood. J. B, 

 Marcou, H. Herzer, W. M. Tiinney, assistants in geology; \V. B. 

 Caldwell, assistant in mineralogy; W. B. Page, W. C. Mitchell, E. 

 Underwood, and J. B, Hoeing, assistants in topography; A. S. 

 Packard, assistant in entomology; F. Sanboi-n, assistant in zoology; 

 F. W. Putnam, assistant in ichthyology; J. Bussey, assistant in 

 botany; Lucian Carr, assistant in ethnology; L. Trouvelot, artist; 

 and A. L. Jones. 



The class of information the volunteer corps was expected to 

 furnish is indicated by the following 10 queries : 



