GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEYS. 145 



made in 1858, however, for $500 additional for expenses, to which 

 he had been subjected in the prosecution of his official duties. 



During- the session of the general assembly of 1858 Mr. Anthony 

 Kimniel brought a bill before the senate to have the title of chem- 

 ist changed to "geologist." A substitute was offered to make it 

 " chemist and geologist," but neitlier change was favorably received 

 and the bill was defeated by a strong opposing vote. 



In accordance with the law as originally enacted, Mr. Philip 

 Thomas Tyson was chosen by the governor to fill the place made 

 vacant by the resignation of Doctor Higgins in 1858. Mr. Tyson's 

 first report, bearing date of December 28, 1859, was printed in an 

 edition of 5,C00 copies by the legislature of 1860, and the number 

 increased on the 14th day of February by the Senate ordering 3,000 

 copies for its own use. 



The second report, sent to the house of delegates January 11, 

 1862, formed a pamphlet of 92 pages. 



With the outbreak of the Civil War the appropriations ceased and 

 this survey cauie also to an end. 



SECOND SURVEY UNDER WILLIAM B. CLARK, 1S06-1900. 



From 1862 until 1896 no surveys at State expense were conducted 

 in Maryland, although much good work was being done by the United 

 States Geological Survey and members of the Maryland Academy'' of 

 Sciences and the Johns Hopkins University. 



In January of 1896 a bill for. the reestablishment of the survey was 

 introduced into the State assembly, which was finally passed, re- 

 ceiving the governor's signature on Marcli 19. Tlie following is the 

 text of the bill : 



An act to rstnblis'i a State S'olo£,'io<il and economic survey, and to make provision for the 

 preparation and publication of reports and maps to illustrate tlie natural resources of 

 tlse State, together with the necessary investij;ations preparatory thereto. 



Skction 1. Be it enacted htj the General Assembly of Maryland, That there is 

 hereby established a State geological and economic survey, which shall be un- 

 der the dii ection of a commission composed of the governor, the comptroller, the 

 president of the Johns Hopkins University, and the president of the Maryland 

 Agricultural College, who shall serve without compen.sation, but shall be reim- 

 bursed for actunl expenses incurred in the performance of their official duties; 

 and the said commissioners shall have general charge of the survey, and shall 

 Dpjioint as suj-erintendent of the same a geologist of established reputation, and 

 upon his nomination such assistants and employees as they may deem necessary; 

 and they shall also determine the compensation of all persons employed by the 

 survey, and may remove them at pleasure. 



Sec. 2. And he it enacted, That the survey shall have for its objects: 

 (1) An examination of the geological formations of the State, with special 

 reference to their econoniic products — viz, building stones, clays, ores, and other 

 niineial substances. 



