184 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



corn, potatoes, squashes, etc. Some of the most intelligent Indians 

 informed me that their crops have never been known to fail entirely, 

 and that they were seldom injured by frosts in the fall or spring. 

 They also have many apple trees which produce fruit in considerable 

 quantities" (p. 101). Yet for 20 years after this the capabilities 

 of this region remained unappreciated.^ Mr. Douglass, however, does 

 not seem to have understood that these results depended on the in- 

 fluence of Lake Michigan during the winter and the frosty portions 

 of the spring and autumn ; for he says : 



The soil is strictly n "warm oue " nnd. exposed, as tlie whole country border- 

 ing on Lake ^Michigan is, to tire influence of the southern winds during summer 

 and parts of spring and fall, it seldom fails to be productive. 



Coming to the " General geology," Mr. Douglass begins with two 

 stratigraphical tables, whicli it seems best to reproduce : 



1. Rocks of Lake Michigan. 



1. Tertiary and superticial materials — 



1. Bowlders of granite, etc. 



2. Clay, sand, etc. 



2. T. 16 N. Manistee limestone. 

 S. T. 31-32 N. Shales— 



1. Light blue, argillaceous. 



2. Black, containing pyrites. 



4. T. 33 N. Corniferous. Containing beds of hornstone. 



5. T. 34 N. Little Traverse Bay limestone. Beds of limestone intermixed with 

 clay and chert. 



6. T. 34 N. Black bituminous limestone. Composed of congeries of shells. 



7. T. 34 N. Blue limestone in thick regular layers. 



S. Mackinac limestone. Very porous and much shattered. 



2. Rocks as seen from the coast of Lake Huron. 



1. Alluvium — • 



1. Beds of rivers. 



2. Incrusting springs. 



3. Marl, tufa, peat, etc. 



2. Tertiaiy and superficial — 



1. Bowlders of granite. 



2. Beds of clay and sand, etc. 



« Tbe climatic nn6 Rgrfciiltiiral cl^aracters of the repion have more recontl.v heen set 

 forth by the writer [Winchell] in sundry publications. See Report on the Grand Traverse 

 Region, octavo, pp. 92, with map. 1S66 : The Fruit Belt of Michigan, Proc. Amer. Assoc, 

 1866 ; The Isothermals of the Lake Region, Troc. Amer. Assoc, 1870, appended also to 

 the writer's Report on the Progress of the State Geological Survey, 1870, and abstract 

 published in the Zeitschrift der osterreichischen Gesellschaft fiir Meteorologie, in Vienna, 

 vol. 8, p. 40 seq. Feb. 1. 1873; The Climate of the Lalie Region, with two charts. Har- 

 pers' Magazine, .Tuly, 1871, republished entire in Der Michigan Wegweiser, Hamburg, 1873; 

 also Michigan, being coadonscd Popular Sketches of the Topography, Climate, and Geology 

 of the State, 1873, pp. 89-121, with isothermal charts In colors; and finally, The Cli- 

 mate of Michigan, Ann. Report State Horticultural Society, 1880, pp. 155-163, 



