220 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ment. The business of fruit raising, which had already gained 

 some footliold in St. Joseph County, was at once extended noith- 

 ward to Grand Haven, Muskegon, Manistee, and Traverse City. 

 The outcome has secured for Michigan a reputation for fruit pro- 

 duction wliich is known throughout the country and extends even 

 to the Old AVorld. 



THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN 1869. 



In his inaugural address to the legislature of 18G9 Gov. Henry P. 

 Baldwin took up the subject of the geological survey, and, after ad- 

 verting to the efficiency of science in the development of public re- 

 sources, recommended the adoption of a law reviving it. Peti- 

 tions were received by the legislature from the Upper Peninsula, 

 indorsed by leading citizens of Detroit, also from Grand Rapids, 

 asking a libenil appropriation for completing the survey; and a bill 

 appropriating $8,000 for such survey was introduced in the house 

 b}' IMr. Yawkey. The petitions and the bill were referred to a joint 

 committee, of which Lyman D. Norris was chairman of the senate 

 committee, and John Q. ^IcKernan chairman of the house commit- 

 tee. The joint committee canvassed the subject with much thorough- 

 ness and ability. Mr. Norris, especially, did the interests of the sur- 

 vey most important service. After a condensed historical summary 

 of what had been done for the developjuent of the resources of the 

 territory embraced within the boundaries of the State, both while 

 in a territorial condition, and when but just emerged from such con- 

 dition, the committee recapitulated the results of the survey of 1859" 

 18G1 as follows: 



During the first year (they say) fully one-half of the appropriations was 

 flhsoibed in zoological work. The geological results then are properly chaige.. 

 able with only .$4,000. The whole two years' work was, at the request of 

 Governor Wisiier, kept in the Lower Peninsula, principally because the means 

 pro\i(le(l was not sufficient to inaugurate elective work in the upper. * * * 



Tiie practical results of Doctor Houghton's survey are too far from our 

 day to estimate, but those of Professor AVinchell are nearer our time, and can 

 be found, more or less, in the current and contemporary news of the day. 



A few of the results, addressed to those members of both bouses who will 

 hinge their vote upon the question "Will it pay?" your comm'ttee beg leave 

 to refer to. Operations for coal in Hin.sdale were arrested. The citizens of 

 Grand Rapids were informed that if they would find brine they must go 

 lower — to tlie Ralina formation. The deepest and most productive salt basin 

 was located beneath the Saginaw Valley [the committee here refer not to the 

 " deepest " but to the middle one! and as the result of pure geologic induc- 

 tion, in remote portions of the State, before the first brine was seen; SoO feet 

 was fixed as tiie depth at which good brine could be found [more accurately 

 the bottom of the brine formation! — a prophecy verified almo.st to a foot by 

 Doctor Lathrop in the Sisginaw Valley. A complete table of geological forma- 



