222 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Another section provided for the collection and exhibition of 

 numerous sets of specimens. The sixth section required the prep- 

 aration of a final report or " complete memoir under the direction 

 of the board." Section 7 required that " one-half part of all appro- 

 priations made shall be expended in the Upper Peninsula." The ap- 

 propriation made was $8,000 annually. 



While the bill was pending the subject was brought up in the 

 Board of Trade of Detroit, by whom, after a preamble reciting the 

 benefits of geological surveys, a resolution was adopted earnestly 

 recommending the passage of the bill. 



Under the above law Alexander Winchell was, by Gov. H. P. 

 Baldwin, commissioned as " director of the State geological survey " 

 on April 24, 1SG9. 



Widely diverse State interests seemed to necessitate three geo- 

 graphical divisions in the operations of the survey: 1, the Lower 

 Peninsula ; 2, the iron region ; 3, the copper region. The chief min- 

 ing industries were included in the Upper Peninsula, and the law had 

 required one-half the appropriation to be expended there. The 

 geological board decided that all expenditures for the general ad- 

 ministration of the survey should be paid out of the half set apart 

 for the Lower Peninsula. The work in the mining regions was sup- 

 posed to be more difficult and expensive. Besides, the expenditures 

 under the last survey had been confined to the Lower Peninsula — 

 only, however, because the survey was terminated just at the time 

 when the work had reached the northern part of the State. 



Property holders in the iron and copper regions were equally 

 anxious for the commencement of the survey, and there were indi- 

 cations that impatience would be the consequence of restricting the 

 work for a season to either region alone. The board, therefore, de- 

 cided at first that $2,000 should be spent in the copper region and 

 $2,000 in the iron region. Under this arrangement the director pro- 

 ceeded to Lake Superior for the purpose of making himself ac- 

 quainted by personal observation and intercourse " with the views, 

 wants, and wishes of the people in that part of the State. I found 

 the people of each of the metalliferous regions," he says in his report 

 to the board dated December 20, 1869, " somewhat discontented at 

 not receiving the entire appropriation assigned by the legislature to 

 the Upper Peninsula." 



It was also apparent that $2,000 a year was insufficient to main- 

 tain a system of field work or for entering upon any original in- 

 vestigations, either in the copper or the iron region. Much, how- 

 ever, could be done in the collection of data already on record in 

 the offices of the mining companies and in the possession of private 

 individuals. Much could be done in the discussion of such data, and 



