GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEYS. 



225 



where we secured the principal .-irticles of au outlU for tield work. On our way 

 there we had the opportunity to spend some time iu Muskegon and Manistee and 

 its vicinity. Having fully organized, we effected first, a very thorough investi- 

 gation of Little Traverse Bay and its vicinity, collecting over a ton of speci- 

 mens, which reached the headquarters of the survey in safety. 



The hardships and perils of the work proving more serious than some of the 

 party had anticipated, Professors Dolbear and Haanel withdrew and returned 

 home. To meet the exigency thus enacted, I appointed Prof. N. H. Winehell 

 to act as assistant during the remainder of the year. 



Having refitted at Charlevoix and employed the requisite laborers, he pro- 

 ceeded under written instructions to make a geological and general survey of 

 the shores of the inland waters accessible l)y the mouth of the Cheboygan River. 

 This hydrographic system reaches within a quarter of a mile of the head of 

 Little Traverse Bay. 



While in the Grand Traverse Region T had made arrangements for an over- 

 land survey of the interior of some of the northern counties, which with some 

 modifications, were put in execution on the 1st of September. Prof. N. H. 

 Winehell and A. S. Wadsworth, having secured the requisite outfit, proceeded 

 from Elk Rapids on foot, through the wilderness, to Otsego Lake, in Otsego 

 County. This region embraces the headwaters of the Sable emptying into 

 Lake Huron and of the Manistee emptying into Lake Michigan. On the head- 

 waters of these streams they constructed a couple of canoes, iu one of which 

 Prof. N. H. Winehell, with an assistant, descended the Au Sable, while with the 

 other Mr. Wadsworth, with his assistant, descended tlie Manistee. Each inves- 

 tigated the geology of the river bank and the contiguous country, and made note 

 of all facts bearing upon the value of the region traversed, for lumber or culti- 

 vation, or for the purposes of a railroad thoroughfare. 



Ml". N. H. Winehell having completed the survey of the Sable and some tribn- 

 tJiry streams, proceeded to Alpena and thence overland with his canoe, to Hub- 

 bard's Lake, whence he descended through Hubbard's River to Thunder Bay 

 River. The latter river and its vicinity were also surveyed to tlie distance of 

 some 20 m'les from the mouth, and some extensive inland trips were performed. 

 On the last of October the advent of snow and frost terminated field labors for 

 the season. 



Mr. Wadsworth having completed the survey of the Manistee, devoted tlie 

 remainder of the season to the Little Manistee and Pere Marquette Rivers. Re- 

 turning to Traverse City, he drew up a map of the Grand Traverse region which 

 exhibits in detail the distribution of the pine timber within the limits of the 

 region, and submitted it in connection with his field notes. 



In August I made an excursion with Mr. N. H. Winehell and Mr. M. W. 

 Harrington to Widder and Bousnnquet in Ontario, for the purpose of compara- 

 tive observations on some remarkable outcrops of the Hamilton Group, and for 

 collecting a store of fossils. In both resi)ects tlie excursion was very successful. 



I snbsequantly visited the islands on the western part of Lake Erie, where I 

 was joined by J. S. Newbsrry, director of the geological survey of Ohio. The 

 geology of these islands throws much light on that of southern Michigan; and 

 this trip enabled me to add a new formation — the Lower Helderberg grouf) — to 

 the geology of the Lower Peninsula. I accompanied Doctor Newberry to San- 

 dusky and Cleveland. At the latter place I had the o[)portunity of ex;unining the 

 collections of the Ohio survey — especially from the Waverly sandstone — which 

 I am pleased to state, fully sustain positions which I have long held respecting 



