GEOLOGICAL AXD NATUR.y. HISTORY SURVEYS. 233 



the Ontonagon and Porcupine IMoimtain districts. Koniinger's final 

 report, comprising the result of his last four years of work, was 

 transmitted to the board of directors early in February. 1885. In 

 April following he was supei'seded as State geologist by Mr. Charles 

 E. Wright, of Marquette. 



Salary and expenses. — The salary of the State geologist through- 

 out Kominger's incumbency was $2,000 a year. The sum of $8,000 

 for each year of the survey was appropriated v.'ith the expectation 

 that special appropriations would be made to pay the cost of pub- 

 licatifm. The two volumes published in 1873, at an expense of some 

 $20,000, were thus paid for, but the volume of fossil corals, costing 

 some $17,000, was paid for out of the unexpended balance of the 

 appropriations, the expenses of the survey during 1874, 1875, and 

 1876 being not over $3,000 a year. The report issued in 1880 at a 

 cost of upwards $4,000, was likewise paid for out of the survey ap- 

 propriations. The total expenses of this survey are given on p. 238. 



Distribution of publications. — According to the law every school 

 and scientific institution in the State which was already in possession 

 of a library of 1,000 volumes should receive the reports free of 

 charge. Scientific men and institutions outside of the State were 

 likewise favored at the discretion of the board. The remainder of 

 the edition w^as to be sold at cost price. The edition of the report 

 of 1873 (two volumes) was 2,000 as was also that of 1876 and 1880.' 



* It would appear from the following that these seemingly generous intentions 

 were not carried out : 



Dresden, Saxony, July 2, 1875. 

 Hon. Jno. J. Bagley, Oovernor. 



Dear Sir : Yours of 10th inst. regarding distribution of the geological reports 

 relating to the Upper Peninsula, is at hand, and I am delighted to learn that 

 yon have not entirely abandoned the idea of sending some of them abroad. The 

 work was placed in your hands for distribution a year ago, and yet, judging by 

 the letters enclosed, not one has yet been received on this side, Michigan enjoy- 

 ing the unenviable position of being the only civilized State in the world which 

 has neglected to send her reports to the great libraries of Europe. 



The Missouri and Ohio reports which appeared, the one nearly simultaneous 

 with ours and the other some time after, have not only been sent to the libraries, 

 but to the periodicals and were reviewed in England and on the Continent 

 months ago; the attention of the people of Europe being thus called in the most 

 effective manner possible to the resources of those States, and the advantages 

 ihoy offer, for settlement and investment. 



Geological boards outside of Michigan do not seem to regard their reports as 

 intended exclusively for "home consumption." This policy seems to be iu 

 eepecially bad taste in Michigan, where a very large part of the brains, muscle, 

 and money expended in the development of her resources came from outside the 

 State. 



Another use to which I believe a few copies of all geological reports here- 

 tofore pnbli.^hed in the world, except those of Michigan, have been put, is in 



