324 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1880 many analyses of soils were made and results of value to agri- 

 culturists were obtained. These were made public in the annual 

 reports for 1878-1880. 



The wide extent of sand for glass making in southern New Jersey 

 was pointed out in the volume for 18G8, and in the annual for 1878 

 all the known beds were located and described. Several reports 

 contained brief papers upon the building stones of the State, but an 

 exhaustive study remains yet to be made. The geological map of 

 the State showed the distribution of the trap sheet which affords the 

 best material for road metal and concrete, and the report of 1898 

 contained a list of all the trap-rock quarries then in operation. In 

 the report for 1896 was shown the distribution of all the available 

 road gravel in Camden, Gloucester, Cumberland, and parts of Salem, 

 Burlington, and Monmouth counties. 



The first permanent Portland cement plant in the State was estab- 

 lished near Phillipsburg, partly as a result of the information fur- 

 nished by the survey. Later, as a result of an investigation of the 

 fossil faunas of the rocks of Warren and Sussex counties, it was 

 found that the cement beds could be traced readily by their fossils, 

 and a report upon the manufacture of Portland cement and the 

 occurrence of cement rock was published in the annual for 1900. 



The drainage and reclamation, for purposes of agriculture, of the 

 large areas of swamp land along the Pequest, Wallkill, and Passaic 

 Rivers was early advocated by Doctor Cook. Surveys of all these 

 areas were made, and between 1873 and 1875 the drainage along the 

 Pequest, recommended by the survey, was carried through by a 

 commission appointed by the supreme court for that purpose. In 

 189G-97 plans and estimates for the reclamation of the Hackensack 

 meadows were prepared. 



The water power and water supply of the State were early recog- 

 nized as an important subject for the survey and were included in 

 its field of investigation. The quality of the surface waters was 

 tested by numerous chemical analyses, and the quantity of potable 

 waters on the various watersheds was determined by a long serias 

 of stream gaugings to determine the amount of stream flow, and by 

 studies of rainfall records to determine the amount of precipitation 

 and evaporation. These studies were made public in a special re- 

 port upon the water supply in 1894. Since that time the subject of 

 great floods has also been specially investigated. 



In 1894 the survey was charged by the legislature with the in- 

 vestigation of the forestry resources of the State. Reports on this 

 subject were made in 1895, 1896, 1898, and a special report was 

 issued in 1899, accompanied by a forestrj^ map. The principal ques- 

 tions investigated relating to this subject were : 



