368 BULLETIN 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Geological Report of Professor Mitchell. (Raleigh) 1829. l^iuo. 

 8 pp. 



Of the reports for 1824, 1825, and 1827, 1,500 copies each were 

 printed. As to the report for 1829, the record fails to indicate the 

 number of copies. The reports were distributed free, " by means of 

 agricultural societies, to the people of the State," and there is no 

 record of any publications haA'ing been sold. 



Benefits. — As to the material benefits resulting to the people of the 

 State, jt is probable that mining enterprises and investments were 

 in a small measure stimulated and directed, and an interest in better 

 methods of agriculture awakened and strengthened. 



The attention of the people of the eastern section of the State wa^ 

 called to the occurrence and use of marls in their section, but there. 

 is no available evidence of any benefits resulting therefrom. From 

 an educational standpoint the survey was a benefit, in that the people 

 were informed through the reports of the survey as to the general 

 geology and mineral resources of the State. 



After the discontinuance of the survey (1828), Professor Mitchell 

 for several years made geological explorations to different portions 

 of the State at his own expense. The general results of these he 

 published in a small textbook, Elements of Geology, with an outline 

 of the geology of North Carolina, 1842 (12mo. 141 pp.), with a 

 geological map of the State. This was the first map of the State 

 published, though the area was included in Maclure's maps of 1809 

 and 1817. It was probably an outgrowth of one begun by Pro- 

 fessor Olmsted in 1824, which received corrections and additions by 

 Professor Mitchell during the succeeding years to the time of its 

 publication. No official geological map of the State was published 

 from that date (1842) until the appearance of the one accompanying 

 Kerr's Report in 1875 (Geology of North Carolina, vol. 1). 



SECOND SURVEY UNDER EBENEZER EMMOMS, 185 2-1864. 



No work in the direction of a scientific survey of the State was 

 undertaken from the discontinuance of the Olmsted-Mitchell survey 

 in 1828 until 1852, when the Emmons survey w^as begun. The need 

 of a survey in connection with the mining and mineral interests of 

 the middle and western section of the State, and the agriculture and 

 geology of the entire area had, however, been felt for many years 

 prior to this date, and its institution advocated by leading public 

 men. The advantages of the work had been pointed out in the 

 executive messages of Governor Dudley in 1888, Governor Morehead 

 in 1844, Governor Graham in 1846 and 1848, and Governor Manly 

 in 1850-51. 



