370 BUJ.LET1X 109, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



No modifications of this law or other legal measures affecting the 

 survey are found on record between 1851 and its discontinuance in 

 1864. ' 



Connection with other institutions. — The Emmons survey was not 

 officially nor directly connected with any other institution from the 

 time of its organization in 1852 to its suspension (1864). 



Personnel. — Ebenezer Emmons was State geologist from 1852- 

 1863, with the following assistants : E. Emmons, jr., assistant geolo- 

 gist, 1852-1864; Spence McClenahan, assistant geologist, 1852-1854; 

 J. F. Tompkins," assistant geologist, 1853-1854; M. B. Conklin, as- 

 sistant geologist, 1857-1860; C. D. Smith, assistant geologist, 1858-- 

 1860; M. A. Curtis, naturalist, 1859-1863; and R. H. Northrup, as- 

 sistant geologist, 1863-1864. 



Manner of appointment. — In accordance with section 1 of the act \ 

 of 1851 authorizing the survey, the chief geologist was appointed by 

 the governor of the State. In accordance with section 2 of the same 

 act the assistants were appointed by the geologist, subject to the 

 approval of the governor. So far as the record shows no system of 

 promotion was adopted in connection with the appointment of as- 

 sistants to positions on the survey. 



Salaries. — The salary of the geologist, as fixed by agreement bf3- 

 tween himself and the governor, was $2,500 a year. The salaries of 

 the assistants were as follows: E. Emmons, jr. (1852-1864), $1,500 a 

 vear; Spence McClenahan (1852-1854), $1,200 a year; J. F. Tomp- 

 kins (1853 or 1854), $100 a month; M. B. Conklin (1857-1860), $600 

 a year; C. D. Smith (1858-60), $50 a month; M. A. Curtis (1859- 

 1863), $500 a year. 



Administration. — Under the law of 1851 Prof. Ebenezer Emmons, 

 professor of geology in Williams College, Massachusetts, was ap- 

 pointed State geologist. He entered upon his duties in January, 

 1852, and gave the work his chief attention, though nominally re- 

 taining his position at Williams College, and for several years 

 delivering a course of lectures at that institution. 



As to the methods of operation adopted by the survey under 

 Emmons, the available information is not sufficient to warrant the 

 attempt at writing even a brief sketch. Under the circumstances 

 only a few general statements can be made. The greater part of 

 the work of the survey in the field, office, and laboratory was done 

 by Professor Emmons and his son, E. Emmons, jr., who was the only 

 permanent assistant, other assistants having been usually employed 

 to do field work in regions of the State with which they were familiar 

 or for some specific work. The general plan of operations was an 

 outgrowth of this fact, together with the nature of the work to be 



» Exact date of his connection with the survey uncertain. 



