GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEYS. 529 



Skc. 7. The survey shall commence the 1st of June next, or as soon there- 

 after iis practicjible, beginning with the counties of Ashlund and Douglas, and 

 the entire survey shall bo completed within four years from and after its com- 

 mencement. 



Approved March 19, 1873. 



It will be noted that the survey authorized by this act was inde- 

 pendent of any other institution and was to be sustained by annual 

 appropriations. This law, with the additions and amendments given 

 below, continued in force until 1879, though, owing to the unfortunate 

 clause relative to the necessity of a confirmation of the governor's 

 appointinent bj' the senate, the early results were not what one had 

 a right to anticipate. 



Adminhtration. — Under the law of March 19, 187o, Increase A, 

 Laphani was appointed chief geologist, receiving his commission on 

 April 10 following. On the 29th of the same month Roland D. 

 Irving, Thomas C. Chamberlin, and Moses Strong were, upon the 

 advice of the chief geologist, appointed as assistants. Also W. W. 

 Daniells was engaged as chemist. 



To Professor Irving was assigned the duty of beginning a survey 

 of the iron and copper ranges of Ashland and Douglas counties, with 

 instructions to give particular attention to the question of the age 

 of the red sandstone and the accompanying shales, to that of the 

 Archean rocks, and to the disturbances of the strata in the vicinity 

 of the ore-bearing rocks. He was assisted by F. B. Jenney, E. T. 

 Sweet, and James Munro. 



To Professor Chamberlin was assigned that portion of the State 

 lying inmiediately west of the line of outcrop of the Niagara or 

 Clinton i-ocks, from the south line of the State through the counties 

 of Wahvorth, Jefferson, Dodge, Fond du Lac, Calumet, and Outa- 

 gamie, to the southern limits of the crystalline Archean rocks in 

 Shawano County, He was assisted by L. C. Wooster, F. H. King, 

 N. D. Wright, Samuel Shaw, and G. L. Merriman. 



To Mr. Strong was assigned the survey of the lead region, the 

 work to include a careful topographic survey, for the purpose of 

 showing the denudation of tlie superior strata, that so evidently had 

 occurred, and the exact position of the mining ground at each lo- 

 cality, with particular reference to the rock formation in which the 

 ore was found. He was assisted by A. D. Conover and J. W. T. 

 Crawford. 



Unfortunately, as it proved, for the progress of the Avork, political 

 influences intervened, and in February, 1875, Laphani was succeeded 

 iis chief geologist by O. W. Wight. The corps of assistants, however, 



