270 FEMALE ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 



black of the crown passes into the dark brown of the neck, which be- 

 coming lighter by degrees, is blended with the yellow of the back : the 

 same thing takes place beneath, where the olive brown of the breast 

 passes by the nicest gradations into the yellow of the posterior parts : 

 the whole base of the plumage is pale bluish plumbeous, white before 

 the tips of the feathers ; the femorals are black skirted with yellow ; 

 the wings are four and a half inches long ; the smaller, middling, and 

 exterior larger wing-coverts are deep black, as well as the spurious 

 v/ing ; those nearest the body are white, black at the origin only ; the 

 quills are deep black, the three outer being subequal and longest, 

 attenuated on their outer web at the point, and inconspicuously tipped 

 Trith whitish ; the secondaries are marked with white on their inner 

 veb, that color extending more and more as they approach the body, 

 the four or five nearest being entirely pure white, like their immediate 

 coverts, and slightly and inconspicuously edged with yellow externally ; 

 the tail is two and a half inches long, slightly forked, and as well as its 

 long superior coverts, very deep black ; the outer feather on each side 

 has on the inner vane, towards the tip, a large, roundish, white spot, 

 which seems disposed to become obliterated, as it is much more marked 

 on one, than on that of the other side which corresponds to it, and does 

 not exist in all specimens : a similar spot is perceptible on the second 

 tail-feather, where it is however nearly obliterated ; the feet are flesh 

 color, the nails blackish, the tarsus measuring three-quarters of an inch. 

 No difference of any consequence is observable between the sexes ; 

 though it might be said that the female is a little less in size, and rather 

 duller in plumage. 



FRINGILLA LUDOVICIANA. 



FEMALE ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.* 



[Plate XV. Fig. 2.] 



Loxia ludoviciana, Linn. Syst. i., p. 306, Sp. 38. Gmel. Syst. i., p. 862, Sp. 38. 

 Lath. Iiid. p. 379, Sp. 25. — FringiUa punicea, Gmel. Syst. i., p. 291, Sp. 8L 

 Lath. Lid. p. 444, Sp. 34, adult Male. — Loxia maculata, Gmel. Syst. i., p. 861, 

 Sp. 87. Lath. Lid. p. 379, Sp. 26, young. — Loxia obscura, Gmel. i., p. 862, Sp. 

 88. Lath. Ind. p. 379, Sp. 27, Female. — Coccothrausfes hidoviciana, Bniss. On). 

 in., p. 247, Sp. 14, PI. 12, Fig. 2. ln.^vo. i., p. 378. — Coccothransies riihricoUis. 

 ViEiLL. Gal. Ois. I., Pt. II., p. 67, PI. 58 (very bad), and Diet.— Pyrr hula ludovi- 

 ciana, Sabine, Zool. App. to Frankl. Exp. p. 675. — FringiUa ludoviciana, Nob. 

 Obs. Norn. Wils. Orn. Sp. 80. Id. Cat. Birds U. S. Sp. 189. Id. Syn. Birds U. 

 S. Sp. 189. — Guiraca ludoviciana, Swainson, Syn. Mex. Birds, Sp. 76, in Phil. 



* See Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Loxia rosea [ludoviciana), Wils. Am. Orn. ii., p. 

 54, PI. 17, Fig. 1, for the Male. 



