6 BULLETIN 143, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



four were fouud to contain remains of parasitic pupae which were probably 

 referable to the same species of Mutilla. On August 21, 84 of the tsetse pupae 

 were still unhatched, and seven of them were therefore opened. Two of these 

 contained larvae of the parasite, and in the other five the fly pupae had died 

 from other causes. From the 77 remaining puparia 2 males and 8 females of 

 the Mutilla were bred out between the 2d and 6th of September. 



Lamborn (1915) shortly afterwards presented a much more de- 

 tailed account of this same wasp which is quoted here in its entirety. 



The large number of Mutillid wasps in the Lingadzi district attracted my 

 attention from the first, and I endeavored during my earlier days here to 

 parasatize tsetse pupae with them, but without success. Long series of the 

 smaller species, which seemed suitable, have been sent home. 



In late May, however, two Mutillids, a male and a female, which I have since 

 learnt from the Bulletin are Mutilla glossinae Turner, M'ere bred out from 

 pupae found in the vicinity of Monkey Bay, and a good series has now been 

 obtained, 6 males and 10 females having been bred out. The tsetses which 

 have emerged from the 1,143 living pupae which I have obtained since April 10 

 number 54 males and 71 females. 



The appearance presented by a pupa case from which a Mutillid parasite 

 has emerged seem to me characteristic and unmistakable, though a contrary 

 opinion has recently been expressed. (Eminson, quoted in Bull. Ent. Res., v, 

 p. 382.) On taking such a case in the fingers there is, owing to the presence 

 of the Mutilla cocoon within, a sense of greater solidity than when a fly has 

 emerged, and it is possible by gentle pressure to crumble away the wall of the 

 puparium so as to obtain the cocoon, a light chestnut-colored structure com- 

 posed of several layers of a very tough silky-looking material. The orifice of 

 exit is usually much smaller and has a serrate edge, instead of the larger clean- 

 cut fracture produced by the emergence of the fly, owing to the parasite having 

 nibbled out a circular cap, and one can always see the walls of the cocoon 

 within. In the course of time the cocoon tends to .shrink, the i-esult being that 

 it draws in with it the margin of the bole of exit in the pupa case, so that this 

 is no longer circular but somewhat oval, a condition never seen in the case of 

 a normal puparium. 



There has been no difliculty at all in dealing with the Mutillids in captivity, 

 for all, except two, one of which was accidentally drowned, are still alive now, 

 one or two of the earliest specimens being several weeks old. The original 

 male placed in a box with the female shortly after the emergence of the latter 

 manifested the greatest excitement, running about with its antennae on the 

 ground on the trace of the female, which it overtook after a considerable chase 

 and immediately seized, pairing taking place almost at once. It is noteworthy 

 that in the course of the chase it ran repeatedly very near to the female, but 

 being off the fresh track did not detect it, the sense of sight being evidently of 

 very little help to it in the matter. 



Various pairs have been kept in captivity in jars containing a number 

 of tsetse pupae buried in earth, in the hope that the females would sooner 

 or later parasitize them. The expectation seems likely to be fulfilled, as on 

 May 30 the first female, which emerged so long ago as the 3d of that month, 

 was actually witnessed ovipositing in one of the pupae. As the manner in 

 which oviposition was effected presented features of interest, I jotted down 

 at the time a full note concerning it, which I now transcribe : At 5.45 p. m., on 

 coming into camp from a day's trek, I removed from inside a box, which had 

 been closed all day, a jar containing the Mutilla female, No. 1, and a number 

 of tsetse pupae, mostly buried in earth, though one or two were on the surface. 



