82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 72 



lower invertebrates as sponges. The fact that Spongia lacustris Lin- 

 naeus, in those days still considered a plant-like organism, appears 

 vaguely recognizable today is not derived from its precise description, 

 but from it being mentioned as producing branches. The second 

 Linnean species, Spo7igia Jluviatilis, appears to have been amorphous, 

 and therefore no dhect information on its specific identity is now 

 available, even though the possibiUty that it could be identical with 

 S. lacustris can be ruled out. 



Since most spongillid taxonomists, particularly in Europe and 

 Asia, have used Linnaeus' specific name S. Jluviatilis for a well-defined, 

 clearly recognizable, and very common species, the retention of its 

 designation as Ephydatia Jluviatilis Auct. must now be considered as 

 improper taxonomic procedure. Spongia Jluviatilis Linnaeus, for 

 which a neotype is now recorded in the description of Ephydatia 

 Jluviatilis below, is therefore herewith selected as the type species of 

 Ephydatia Lamouroux. 



Ephydatia Jluviatilis (Linneaus, 1758) 



Plate 7, figures 4, 5 



Spongia Jluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758, p. 1348* 



Ephydatia fluviatilis Lamouroux, 1816, p. 6. — Gray, 1867, p. 550. — Parfitt, 1868, 

 p. 443.— Dybowsky, 1878, p. 53.— Vejdovsky, 1883, p. 24.— Wierzejski, 

 1887, p. 122.— Traxler, 1889, p. 14.— Weber, 1890, p. 32.— Topsent, 1893, 

 p. 326; 1914, p. 538.— Garbini, 1894, p. 1.— Weltner, 1895, p. 114; 1909, 

 p. 185; 1911, p. 60.— Hanitsch, 1895a, p. 127.— Girod, 1899, p. 110.— 

 Rousseau, 1906, p. 124.— Llihe, 1908, p. 309.— Annandale, 1909e, p. 567; 

 1911c, p. 242; 1918a, p. 216; 1919c, p. 87.— Miiller, 1911, p. 495.— Stephens, 

 1912, p. 8; 1920, p. 227.— Smith, 1921, p. 17.— Arndt, 1923, p. 77; 1926, 

 p. 343; 1928b, p. 164; 192Sa, p. 66; 1932c, p. 556; 1933a, p. 23; 1936, p. 16; 

 1938a, p. 14.— Poisson, 1923, p. 61.— Rezvoj, 1926a, p. 107; 1926b, p. 64.— 

 Schroder, 1926, p. 249; 1932b, p. Ill; 1938b, p. 126.— Gee, 1926c, p. 110; 

 1927a, p. 1; 1928, p. 225; 1929d, p. 297; 1929b, p. 13; 1930e, p. 27; 1930b, 

 p. 170; 19316, p. 38; 1931a, p. 502; 1931d, p. 42; 1932c, p. 28; 1932d, p. 54; 

 1933b, p. 73.— Grimailowskaja, 1928, p. 215.— Gee and Wu, 1928, p. 40.— 

 Kozhoff, 1930, p. 165.— Old, 1932b, p. 470; 1932a, p. 131.— Sasaki, 1934, 

 p. 232; 1940, p. 182.— Jewell, 1939, p. 11.— Rioja, 1940a, p. 173.— Simon, 

 1952, p. 80; 1953, p. 207. 



Spongilla fluviatilis Johnston, 1842, p. 5. — Bowerbank, 1863, p. 445 (part) ; 1874, 

 p. 151 (part).— Retzer, 1883, p. 21. 



Spongilla sceptrifera Bowerbank, 1874, p. 2')6. — Gee, 1931e, p. 48. 



Spongilla stagnalis Dawson, 1878, p. 1. — Gee, 193 le, p. 49. 



Meyenia fluviatilis Carter, 1881, p. 92 (part). — Potts, 1887, p. 219 (part).— Dy- 

 bowsky, 1884, p. 507.— Lendenfeld, 1887, p. 92.— Kellicott, 1897, p. 50 

 (part).— Kirsch, 1909, p. 37.— De Laubenfels, 1936, p. 35 (part) .— Wiu-tz, 

 1950, p. 5.— Pennak, 1953, p. 93.— Penney, 1960, p. 48. 



Meyenia fluviatilis var. gracilis Carter, 1885, p. 180. — Potts, 1887, p. 224. 



Meyenia fluviatilis var. angustibirotulata Carter, 1885, p. 454. — Potts, 1887, p. 219. 



Meyenia mexicana Potts, 1885, p. 810. 



