OF GENERA. XUl 



Family III. Merulid^. 



(thrushes.) 



Bill as long as the head, compressed at the sides ; upper mandible 

 arched to the tip, which is not abruptly hooked, notch well marked, 

 but not accompanied by a tooth ; gape furnished with bristles ; feet 

 long, with curved claws. Food — insects, snails, and fruits. 



23. CiNCLXJS (Dipper). Bill moderate, straight, compressed, 

 rounded at the tip ; upper mandible slightly notched, bending 

 over the lower one ; nostrils basal, lateral, longitudinal, partly 

 covered by a membrane ; tarsus longer than the middle toe ; 

 wings and tail short ; first primary very short, second shorter than 

 the third and fourth, which are the longest. Page 71. 



24. TuRDUS (Thmsh, Blackbird, &c.) Bill moderate, com- 

 pressed at the point ; upper mandible notched, bending over the 

 lower one ; gape furnished with a few bristles ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, oval, partly covered by a naked membrane ; tarsus longer 

 than the middle toe ; wings and tail moderate ; first primary very 

 short or almost abortive, second shorter than the third or fourth, 

 which are the longest. Page 73. 



25. Oriolus (Oriole). Bill an elongated cone, depressed at the 

 base ; upper mandible keeled above, notched near the point, bending 

 over the lower one ; nostrils basal, lateral, naked, pierced horizontally 

 in a large membrane ; tarsus not longer than the middle toe ; wings 

 moderate ; first primary very short, second shorter than the third, 

 which is the longest. Page 90. 



26. Petrocincla (Kock Thrush). Bill stout, straight, the 

 ridge curved towards the point ; nostrils basal, round, partly 

 covered with bristles ; wings moderate ; first primary very short, 

 second a little shorter than the third, which is the longest ; tail 

 feathers equal in length. Page 92. 



Family IV. Sylviad^. 



(warblers. ) 



Bill slender, tapering to a point, both of the mandibles having 

 in most cases the vertical outline slightly arched, and the lateral 

 outline slightly incurved ; upper mandible notched near the tip. 

 Small and delicately formed birds, most of which are migratory, 

 frequenting in summer groves and woods, and feeding principally 

 on small insects which they collect among herbage, on the bark 

 of trees, or on the ground. As their name denotes, the majority 

 are musical. 



27. Accentor (Hedge Sparrow). Bill of moderate length, 

 strong, straight, tapering to a fine point ; edges of both mandibles 

 compressed and bent inwards, the upper notched near the tip ; 

 nostrils naked, basal, pierced in a large membrane ; feet strong ; 

 claw of the hinder toe longest, and most curved ; first primary 

 almost obsolete, the second nearly equal to the third, which is the 

 longest. Page 93. 



