20 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Family APHRIZID-ffi.— The Turnstones. 



Char. Rather small, plover-like birds, differing from the true Plovers (Vharadriidce) 

 chiefly in the more robust feet, without trace of web between the toes, the well-developed 

 hind toe, and the strong claws; the toes with a lateral margin, forming a broad flat under- 

 surface (especially in Aphriza); the bill of one genus (Arenaria) peculiar. The two genera 

 may be distinguished by the following characters: 

 Arenaria. Bill compressed and pointed terminally, somewhat upturned at the end, the cul- 



men straight or even slightly concave; tarsus not longer than the bill; tail slightly 



rounded. 

 Aphriza. Bill slightly swollen terminally, the terminal portion of the culmen decidedly 



convex; tarsus decidedly longer than the bill; tail slightly emarginated. 



Genus ARENARIA Brisson. 



Arenaria Bbiss. Orn. v, 17G0, 132. Type, Tringa interpres Linn. 

 Strepsilas Illigee, Prodromus, 1811,263. Same type. 



Char. Form robust, the head small, neck short, wings long and pointed, feet stout. 

 Bill straight along the culmen (or else slightly concave above), somewhat upturned termi- 

 nally, compressed toward the end and pointed. Wings reaching beyond the tail, the first 

 primary longest, the tertials not reaching to the end of the primaries. Tail slightly rounded. 

 Tarsus decidedly longer than the middle toe, the latter shorter than the bill. 



Arenaria interpres (Linn.) 



TURNSTONE. 



Popular synonyms. Calico-back; Brant Bird; Chicaric (Plymouth Bay, Mass.). 



Tringa interpres Linn. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 148; ed. 12, i, 1766, 248— Wils. Am. Orn. vii, 

 1813, 32, pi. lvii. 

 Strepsilas interpres Illig. Prodr. 1811, 263.— Swains. P. B.-A. ii, 1831, 371.— Nutt. Man. 

 Water Birds, 1834, 30— Aud. Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 31, pi. 304; Synop. 1839, 227; Birds Am. 

 v, 1842, 331, pi. 323,-Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 701; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 515.— Coues, 

 Key, 1872. 246; Check List, 1874, No. 406; 2d ed. 1882, No. 598— Ridgw. Norn. N. Am. B. 

 1881, No. 509— B. B. & R. Water B. N. Am. i, 1884, 119. 

 Arenaria interpres Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii, 1834, 102.— A. O. U. Check List, 1886, No. 283.— 



Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 180. 

 Morinella interpres Stejn. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. iv, 1882, 32. 

 Tringa morinellus Linn. S..N. i, 1766, 249 (young). 

 Strepsilas collaris Temm. Man. ii, 1820, 553. 

 "Charadrius cinclus Pallas" (Baird, 1. c.) 



Hab. Sea-coasts of nearly all counti'ies; in America, from Greenland and Alaska to 

 Chili and Brazil; in the interior, more or less common along the shores of the Great Lakes 

 and larger rivers. 



