APHRIZID.E — THE TURNSTONES. 21 



Sp. Char. Adult: Chin and throat, a large loral patch, another covering terminal half 

 of the auriculars, border of the pileum, and lar^e transverse patch on each side of the jugu- 

 lum, white ; stripe from the frontlet to the eye, squarish patch beneath the eye, malar 

 stripe, side of the neck, jugulum, and sides of the breast uniform black, all these markings 

 confluent and sharply denned. Remainder of the lower parts, upper part of the rump, 

 upper tail-coverts, and ends of secondaries, pure white. Breeding plumage: Upper parts 

 dusky blackish, the wing-coverts lighter, more brownish gray, the feathers showing darker 

 centres; back and scapulars little, if at all, varied with rufous; crown dusky, uniform, or 

 streaked. Spring (or winter) plumage: Upper parts mixed black and bright rufous, the 

 latter color occupying chiefly the middle of the back (longitudinally) and the wing-coverts; 

 the scapulars and tertials mixed black and rufous. Pileum more streaked with white, and 

 markings about the head and neck more sharply defined than in the summer dress. "Bill 

 black; iris hazel; feet deep orange-red, claws black." (Audubon.) Young: Head chiefly 

 mottled grayish, without well-defined markings; black of the jugulum and breast indicated 

 by mottled dusky, occupying the same area, but not sharply defined; upper parts grayish 

 dusky, the feathers bordered terminally with buff or whitish. 



Total length, about 9 inches; wing, 6.00; tail, 2.50; culmen, .80-90; tarsus, 1.00; middle 

 toe, .75. 



The Turnstone occurs in Illinois only as a migrant, and is 

 chiefly confined to the shores of Lake Michigan. There, accord- 

 ing to Mr. Nelson (pp. 123, 124 of his list), it arrives "May 

 15th in full breeding plumage and is found until the first week 

 in June. Returns early in August, still in breeding plumage, 

 which is exchanged for that of winter during the last of the 

 month. Departs about the 20th of September. While here they 

 are generally found in company with flocks of the smaller species 

 of sandpipers." 



