roiDID^E— THE IBISES. 108* 



tain extent in color also, that the question has been raised, 1 

 whether they are not really offshoots from a common ances- 

 tral stock, which, like a species of eastern Asia (Ibis nippon) 

 and certain herons, was at one time "dichromatic." 



Guar a alba (Linn.) 



WHITE IBIS. 



Popular synonyms. White Curlew; Spanish Curlew (Florida); Gray Ibis, Brown Ibis 

 (young); Coco (Cuba); Ibis bianco (Mexico). 



Scolopax alba Linn. S. N. i, ed. 10, 1758, 145. 



Tantalus albus Gmel. S. N. i. 1788, 651.— Wils. Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 43, pi. 60. 



Ibis alba Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xvi, 1817, 16.— Nutt. Man. ii, 1834, 86.— Aud. Orn. Biog. iii. 



1835, 178; v, 1839.593.pl. 222; Synop. 1839. 257; B. Am. vi, 1843, 54, pi. 360.— Cass, in 



Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 684.— Baied, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 499— Coues, Check List, 



1873, No. 446. 



Eudocimus albus Wagl. Isis, 1832, 1232.— Bidgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No.' 501.— Coues, 



Check List, 2d ed. 1882, No. 651. 

 Guar a alba Stejn. Stand. Nat. Hist, iv, 1885. 9.— A. O. 0. Check List, 1886, No. 184.— 



Bidgw. Man. N. Am. B. 13, 1887, 123. 

 Tantalus after Linn. S. N. i. 1766. 242. 

 Tantalus coco Jacq. Beitr. 1784, 13. 

 Tantalus griseus Gmel. S. N. i, 1788, 653 (young). 

 Eudocimus longirostris Wagl. Isis, 1829, 760. 



Hab. Warm-temperate eastern North America, West Indies, Middle America, and 

 tropical South America; north to Connecticut, eastern Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Great 

 Salt Lake, Utah; south to Brazil. 



Sp. Chab. Adult: Terminal portion (beyond the omargination) of three to live 2 outer 

 primaries, glossy greenish black, with a bright metallic green lustre. Best of the plumag<' 

 entirely pure white. Bill, bare skin of the head, legs and feet, bright carmine in tin- ' 

 ing season; at other times paler, or orange-red; iris fine pearly blue (Audubon). 3 End of 



1 See The Auk, vol. i. 1884, pp. 239, 240. 



2 According to Audubon, "There is a curious, though not altogether general, difference 

 between the sexes of this species as to plumage,— the male has five of its primaries tipped 

 with glossy black for several inches, while the female, which is very little smaller than the 

 mal'-, has only four marked in this manner. On examining more than a bundled individ- 

 uals of each sex. I found only four 3xceptions, which occurred in females that - ere very 

 old birds, and which, as happens in some other species, might perhaps have been under- 

 going the curious change ex hi l lit. '.l by Ducks, Pheasants, and some other birds, the females 

 of which, when old, sometimes assumo the livery of the males." This supposed sexual 

 difference we have been unable to verify with the series before us, though it is vei 



Bible that some specimens may not have the sex correctly determined. 



'"Bare parts of the head Lin the adult male] light orange-red; bill the samo. but towards 

 the tip dusky. Iris of a One pearly blue. Legs and toes paler than the bill; claws dusky. 

 tipped with horn color. 



"After the ilrst moult, the bill is pale yellowish orange, toward the base greenish; the 

 naked parts of the* head are pale orange yellow, inclining to flesh-color; the eyi 

 brown ; the feel pale blue. 



"The change in the coloring of the bill, legs, and feet of this bird, that takes plaoe in 

 the breeding season, is worthy erf remark, the bill being then of a deep orange-red, and 

 the legs and feet of a red nearly amounting to carmine. The males at this season have the 

 gnlar pouch of a rloh '.range color, and Borneo hat resembling in Bhape thai of the Frigate 

 Pelican, although proportionally less. During winter these parts are of a dull dash 

 The Lrides also lose much of their clear blue, and resume in some degree the umber color 

 of the young birds, tamthu particular in these m it is doubtful if any one 



ever paid attention to them." (Audubon.) 



— B. 



