142 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Sp. Chae. Adult male in winter. Head and neck plain cinnamon rufous, abruptly de- 

 fined below, and becoming paler next the bill; forehead and pileum medially immacu- 

 late white; a few blackish feathers around the eyelids. Chest and sides of the breast 

 pinkish vinaceous, the tips of the feathers paler. Sides, flanks, and entire dorsal surface 

 delicately waved with transverse zigzag bars of black and pure white, the bars of the 

 latter rather the narrower. Wing-coverts immaculate pure white, except the anterior 

 portion of the lesser-covert region, which is deep ashy; last row of coverts tipped with 

 velvety black; tertials velvety black, shafted and edged with pure white, the lower one 

 with the entire lower web pure white. Speculum soft metallic green on the anterior 

 half or two thirds, the terminal portion velvety black. Primaries plain slate-grayish. 

 Tail-coverts (both upper and lower) deep black, with a very faint bluish gloss; rest of 

 the lower parts immaculate white. Tail-feathers dark ashy, edged with ashy white. Bill 

 "light grayish blue, with the tip, including the unguis, black;'' iris "hazel brown;" legs 

 and feet "light grayish blue." (Macgillivbay.) 



Wing, 10.00-11.00 inches; culmen, 1.35-1.45; tarsus, 1.15-1.60; middle toe, 1.65-1.75. 



Adult female! "Much smaller and differently colored. The bill, iris, and feet, how- 

 ever, are as in the male. The head and upper neck are yellowish red, with small green- 

 ish black spots, the feathers being barred with that color, of which there is more on 

 the upper part of the head. The feathers of the upper parts in general are dusky brown, 

 edged with brownish red or whitish, and barred with the same. The wings are dusky 

 gray; the coverts in the part which is white in the male tipped with that color, the 

 secondary coverts with an indication of a dark terminal bar: the speculum grayish, 

 without lustre; the inner secondaries marked somewhat as in the male, but with dark 

 gray in place of gray. The tail-feathers brownish gray, edged with brownish white. 

 On the lower forepart and sides of the neck the feathers are obscurely barred with 

 reddish brown and brownish gray; the sides are similar; the breast and abdomen white; 

 the feathers under the tail white, barred with brown, as are the smaller lower wing- 

 coverts; the larger pale gray." (Macgillivray.) Length, about 19.25 inches; extent, 

 32.50; wing, 10.00; tail, 4.00; culmen, 1.50; tarsus, 1.50; middle toe, 1.25. 



Young male. Head, neck, chest, sides, and flanks, umber-brown, varying to a cinna- 

 mon shade, the head and neck thickly streaked with black, and the feathers of the chest 

 sides, etc., centred with dusky. Back and scapulars dusky, the feathers broadly bordered 

 with dull fulvous; crissum irregularly streaked and spotted with dusky; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts slaty brown, bordered with dull whitish. Wing as in the adult, except that 

 the coverts are dull cinereous broadly bordered with white. Lower parts, except as 

 described, pure white. 



An adult male from Alexandria, Va. (No. 29,519), has the 

 rufous of the head perfectly uniform, with only a few blackish 

 feathers immediately around the eye, and a suffusion of the 

 same on the chin; while the pinkish of the chest joins the 

 rufous of the neck. No. 1,271, New York market, has the sides 

 of the head speckled minutely with greenish black, the nape 

 and entire throat clouded with the same, and the pinkish of 

 the chest separated from the rufous of the neck by a narrow 

 indistinct collar of whitish, undulated with blackish. No. 10,376, 

 from Florida, approaches still more closely to A. wnericcma 

 in having also the occiput spotted with black, the eye more 

 broadly surrounded with greenish, the ground-color of the 

 cheeks nearly white, and the sides pervaded by a tinge of the 



