LARID.E— THE GULLS AND TERNS. 235 



Larus (Chroicocephalus) franklinii Beuch, J.f. 0. 1855,289.— Coues, B. N. W. 1874,653. 

 Chroicocephalus irankllnii Lawk, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858,851.— Baied, Cat. N. Am. B. 

 1859, No. 668— Coues, 2d Check List, 1882, No. 787. 

 Larus pipixcan Wagl. Isis, 1811,515. 

 Larus cucullatus Licht. Nomencl. 1851,98 no description). (Mexico.) 



Larus (Chroicocephalus) cucullatus Bkuch, J. f. O. 1855, 290.— Lawb. In Baird's B. N 

 Am. 1858, 851— Baird. Cat. N. A m. B. 1859, No. 669. 

 Larus cinereo-caudatus Phil & Landb. Wtegm. Archiv. 1861, 293 (Chill). 

 ? Larus (Chroicocephalus) hittlitzii Beuch, J. f. O. 1853.104. 



Chroicocephalus schimperi Beuch, 1. c. (not of Schleg., 1863,1 which=Z. saundersi 

 Swinhoe). 



Hab. The interior of North America, chi»fly the Mi-sissippi Valley and northward, 

 breeding from Dakota, Minnesota, etc., northward; Central and South America, during mi- 

 grations, as far as Chili; part of the West Indies, 



8p. Chab. Adult, in summer: Head and upper part of the neck plumbeous-b!ack 

 (more plumbeous anteriorly); an elongated white spot on each eyelid; lower part of the 

 neck (all round), entire lower parts, lower part of the rump, and upper tail coverts snow- 

 whit*', the neck and lower parts with a deep tinge of delicate rose-pink in fresh specimens. 

 Mantle deep bluish plumbeous, a little lighter than in L. atricilla, the secondaries and ter- 

 tials broadly tipped with white. Tail white, the fourto six central feathers tinged wi'hpale 

 grayish blue, deepest on the intermedia?. Primaries bluish gray, the shafts white, the five 

 outer quills marked with a subterminal space of black, varying in extent from nearly 2.00 

 Inches on the second quill to about .50 on the fifth, each quill broadly tipped with white, 

 this occupying on the first about 1.50 inches of the terminal portion, on the rest less than 

 .50 of an inch, the bluish gray of I he basal portion of the quills becoming nearly or quite 

 white adjoining the black, and the shaft of the black portion al.-o black ; remaining quills light 

 grayish blue, broadly, but not abruptly, lipped with white, 'he sixth sometimes marked 

 with a subterminal black spot or bar. Bill de p red. with a more or less distinct darker 

 subterminal band; eyelids red; feetdeepred. Adult, in winter: Similar, but head and 

 neck white, the occiput, with orbital and auricular regions grayish dusky. Bill and feet 

 brownish, the former tipped with orange-reddish. Young, first plumage: Top and sides 

 of the head (except forehead and lores), back, and scapulars grayish brown, th longer 

 scapulars bordered terminally with pale grayish huff; wing-coverts bluish gray, tinged 

 with grayish brown; secondaries dusky, edged with pa'e gayi.-h blue, and broadly tipped 

 with white; primaries dusky, the innermost ones more plumbeous, all rather broadly tipped 

 with white. Central portion of the rump uniform light bluish gray; lateral and posterior 

 pottions of the rump, upper tail-coverts, entire lower parts, forehead, lores, and oyelids 

 white. Bill brownish, dusky terminally; feet brown (in skin). 



Total length, about 14.00 inches; extent, 35.00: wing, 11.25; culmen, 1.30; depth of bill 

 through nostrils, .35; tarsus. 1.60; middle toe, with claw, 1.60. 



Larus Philadelphia (Ord). 



BONAPARTE'S GTJLL. 



Sterna Philadelphia Obd, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. 11, 1815, 319. 



Chroicocephalus Philadelphia Lawk, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1838, 852.— Baied, Cat. N. Am. 



B. 1869, No. 670,— Newton, P. /. S. 1871, 27, pi. i. flg. 6 (egg).— Couks, Proo. Acad 



Sd..Phila. 1862, 810; -J i Check List, 1882, No 788. Ridow. Orn. 10 b Tar. i-:;. 

 Larus Philadelphia Quay, Ltsl Brit, B. 1863, 285 (Great Britain). 



Check List, 187:1. No. 656.— B. B. & B. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884, 260.— A. O. U. Check 



List. 1886, No. W.— BXDOW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 36. 



