ANALYSIS OF HIGHER GROUPS. 45 



fc.2 Bill not strongly hooked. 



U Beotriees rigid, aeiiminate Picl. 



J.S Beotriees neitiier rigid nor acu- 

 minate. 

 m.' Inner hind toe 5-jointed. 



Coccygea (Trogones). 

 m.> Inner hind toe 2-jointi.'d, 



Coccyges (CucuU). 

 i.2 With webs between bases of anterior toes. 

 j'.' Gape excessively broad and deeply cleft. 



Wings greatly elongated 



Macrochires (Capi-hnulgi). 

 j.' Gape normal. Wings short, concave... 



Gallinse {Penelopes). 



/i.2 Hind toe elevated Gallinae (.Phasiani). 



g.' Bill strongly hooked, with a distinct cere at base. 



ft.' Toes2in front Psittaci {exotic species). 



A.2 Toes 3 in front, or else outer toe reversible, 

 i.' Hind toe incumbent. 



y.i Eyes directed forward. Outer toe re- 

 versible A.ccipittes (Sti-iges). 



].' Eyes latetal. Outer toe not reversible 



(except Pandion) Accipitres (Fahones). 



i.' Hind toe short, elevated... Accipitres (Sarcorhamphi). 

 /.- Lower part of tibia not feathered near joint, or else bill 

 lengthened and grooved, 

 ff.i Hind toe, if present, elevated, or else claws ex- 

 tremely lengthened, 

 ft.i' Whole head feathered, or else size small (length 



less thanlfoot) Limicolae. 



7i.2 Part of head naked. Size large (more than 3 



feet long) Paludicolae (G^-ues). 



g.- Hind toe incumbent, and claws never extremely 

 lengthened. 



ft.' Loral and orbital regions fully feathered 



Paludicolae (Ralli). 

 ft.2 Loral or orbital regions, or both, naked. 



»'.' Inner edge of middle claw pectinated 



Herodiones {Herodii). 

 i.' Inner edge of middle claw not pectinated. 

 J.' Sides of maxilla without trace of lateral 



groove Herodiones (Ciconim). 



j.' Sides of maxilla with distinct lateral 



groove Herodiones Ubides). 



e." Anterior toes distinctly webbed. 



/.' Legs inserted underneath the equilibrium, the body 



being horizontal when in standing position Longipemies, 



/.' Legs inserted far backward, the body being more or 



less erect when in a standing position Pygopodes (Cepphi). 



d." Bill mth distinctly fringed or toothed tomia. 



p.' Legs extremely lengthened: bill bent abruptly downward 



at the middle Odontoglossae. 



e.'' Legs short or but moderately lengthened; 'bill not bent 



downwards in middle Anseres. 



c' Hind toe connected with the inner one by a web Steganopodes. 



b.- Nostrils tubular Tubinares, 



a.- Bectriees entirely absent Pygopodes (Podicipedes). 



