48 BIKDS OF ILLINOIS. 



(P. Bill not stroncly hooked. 



t'. Tarsux lonuor thiin middle toe with claw, or the bill eioDKBt* 

 ed. not deprossod. oarruwor nt biutu tbun length of culmoD. 



/'. Bill modurutnly hooltod ut tip Vireonidee 



p. Bill not distinctly hooked at tip. 



9'. Tall-fcnthers stifT, pointed ut tip Certliiida. 



B'. Tail-feuther« normal. 



A'. Nasal feathers directed forward. 



i'. Smaller (wing les.s than i.VO Inches). 



j'. Bl'l notched. Bul>ulate Sylviiia (PoUoplilinir). 



p. Bill without notch, more or less conoid Paridtr 



P. Larjrer iwintr more than 4.oii Inches) Corridse. 



A'. Nasal feathers erect or inclined backward. 



»'. Bill eloncate-conical, culmon straight. First 

 primary minute, not reocbine to tip of covertA. 



Stomids. 

 i*. Bill not conical, culmen more or less cur\'od. 

 First primary well developed, extending be- 

 yond tips of coverts TroglodytidiB. 



e'. Tarsus not loncer than middle toe with claw . Bill short, de- 

 pressed, width at base cvceedhiK lencth of Konys Ampelids 



b'. Primarlos apparently only 9, the lip of the bill not hooked. 



e'. Bill very short, very broad at base and deeply deft, the cape more 

 than twice as lone as the culmen. Outer primary more than twice 



as lone as (he Innermost Hinmdinida. 



I-'. Bill variously formed, but gape never twice as lone as culmen, etc. 

 Outer primary lo.ss than twice as long as the innermost. 



d'. Bill decurved and very acute at lip .CeerebidsB {Certhiola) . 



df. Bill not decurved. 



e'. Bill not conoid; angle of Konys not forward of the nostril. 



p. Tertials elouKatod, reachinK nearly to tip of longest 

 priniarins. Hind claw nearly as long as, or louger 



than, its digit Motacillids. 



6'. Terlial.s not elongated, falling far short of tips of longest 



primaries. Hind claw much shorter than Its digit. ..Hniotiltidce, 

 «'. Bill conoid; if slender, the angle of Iho gonys forward of the 

 nostril. 

 /'. Bill notched, and with bristles at gape. 



O'. Nostril exposed, rounded anteriorly, and without dis- 

 tinct operculum. Ba-soof tomia not forming a distinct 



angle Tanagridte 



Q*. Nostril concealed by feathers, or pointed anteriorly 

 and overhung by a distinct operculum, or base of 



tomia forming a distinct angle FringUlidte 



p. Bill without notcli, and witlioul bristles at gape Icteridae. 



a'. Posterior half of tarsus not compressed, but rounded and divided into dis- 

 tinct segments, or "sculella>." like the anterior half Alaudidee. 



B. Clamatores. 



«'. Inner toe entirely free at the base from Iho middle one. Posterior face of 



tarsus not reticulate Tyrannidte. 



a". Inner too with basal phalanx united to that of middle toe. Posterior face 



of tarsus reticulate Cotingidae. 



