62 



BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



the extenial parts, but in the walls twigs of spruce, bits of lichens 

 and (Irietl leaves are mixed with the grass and all are woven into 

 a solid mass, very firm and strong. The lining is formed by a luj-cr 

 of line grass interwoven with pieces of a black, vine-like root, nil 

 neatly laid ; over these, at the bottom, is a layer of skeleton leaves. 

 The moasunments are: Depth, inside, II inches; width at mouth, 

 '2:| inches ; outside, the diameter is irregular, varying from lA to 5 

 inches. Mr. J. W. Banks tells me that of some fifty nests of the 

 Olive-backed Thrush that he has examined all were lined with skele- 

 ton leaves; but Mr. Harold (iilbert found one in 187.S that was 

 lined with moose hair. This nest was built in a garden, in the 

 suburbs of St. John, within twenty feet of the house and but an 

 arm's-length from one of the main walks. The moose hair was 

 furnished by a tame animal kept on the grounds." 



Turdus aonalaschksD pallasii (Cab.) 



HERMIT THRUSH. 



Popular synonyms.— Eastern neriuit Tliriisli: IJufous-talled Thrush ; Swamp Robin, 

 or Gruuiul Swiimp liobln (Now EiikIiiikJi: Solitiiry Thrush. 



Turdus soUlarius (not of Lisx.) WiLS. Am. Orn. v. 1812, 95 (not pi. 43, Og. 2, whlch= 



jtirain.iom').— AUD. Synop. IX)!). 'M: 1). Am. iii, IWI. 29. pi. H6. 

 Mernla soUlaria Sw. & UicH. F. li. A. II, 1831. 184, p1. ";«" (=,37). 



Turdus minor (not of Gm.) Nutt. Miin. 1. 1832, 34«.-AuD. Orn. Blog. I. 1832, ,3(8, pi. 58. 

 Turdus pallasii Caban. Wlegm. Archlv. 1847. 1. 205.— Baird. B. N. Am. IS58. 212; Tat. N. 



Am. B. 1&59. No. 149; Review, 18ii4, 14,— COUES, Key, 1872, 72; Cheek LUt. 1873. No. 4; 



B, N. W. 1874, 2: B. Col. Val. 1878, 2«,-B. B, & U, Hist. N, Am. B. 1. 1874, IS, pi, 1. (Ik. 6. 

 Turdus aonalaschka: pallasi, BiDow. Proo. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Vol. ill, Mureh 22, IsSii, 1, 

 Hi/hcichta unalasca: pallasi BiDOW. Proo. U. 8, Nat. Mus. ill, 1880, Itifi. Norn. N. Am. B, 



1880, No. Sb. 

 Tttrdua unalasar nanus CouES, 2d Check List, 1882, No. 10. 



Had. Eastern North America, brcedinc chiefly north of the United States ami win- 

 terine in the more southern States, or from about the parallel of 4fl' to the Gulf const. 

 Represented In western North America by the allied races audnboni (Rocky Mountain 

 district) and uonalasclikw (Pacific const). 



Sv. Cii. Second primary shorter than fifth. Tail much mora reddish than back. 

 Wing. 3.40-3.90 (3. (>t): tail. 2.55-3.15 (2.88): culmen, M-M(.Si): tarsus. 1.15-1. 30 (1.19); middle 

 toe, .65-. 75 (.70).* 



• Extreme and avorace measurements of 21 adults. The average of 32 adults meas- 

 ured by Mr. Henshaw(r/. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club) is slightly dKTeront, being, wing, 3.t;i; tail, 

 2.87; culmon, .53; tardus, 1.15. Though the sexes are not constantly dilTi>runt In dimen- 

 sions, the .Is usually a little the smiillor. as the following averages of 16 males and 8 

 females will show: 



