210 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



to some stream or body of water. Several times during the spring 

 I have seen these birds occupy martin houses, for several weeks, 

 until the owners returned, when, after a desperate battle, they 

 would leave. Have never obsened them about the town during the 

 breeding season." 



Genus CLIVICOLA Forster. 



Clivicola FoBSTEB. Syn. Br. B. 1817. 55. Typo, Hirundo riparia Lixx. 

 Colilf BoiE, Isls. IfCii, 550. Stime type. 



"Gen. Cbab. Bill small; nostrils latornl. ovcrhunft by u straiKht-cdeod niembrnnp. 

 Tarsus about equal to midJle toe without claw: feathereil at upper end. espec'lally on 

 Inner faee. and liavliiK also a small tuft of feathers attached to posterior edge near the 

 hind toe. Middle toe with basal Joint adherent externally to near the end, half-way In- 

 ternally, the claws comparatively little curved, the lateral rcachInK beyond the base of 

 the middle. Tail slightly forked. Color dull lustreless brown above, in ri/mrio white 

 beneath with gray pectoral bond. Nests in holes in banks; eggs white." (Wi»f. X.Am. B.) 



Birds of the genus Clivicola resemble in general appearance and 

 habits those of the genus Sielriidoptcryr, but may always be distin- 

 guished by the small tuft of feathers growing from the lower por- 

 tion of the posterior face of the tarsus. There are also other char- 

 acters, wliich, however, have been sufficiently mentioned on page 204. 



Clivicola riparia (Linn.) 



BANK SWALLOW. 



Popular BTnonyms. Sand Martin; Sand Swallow, 



Hirundo riparia Linn. 8, N, ed. 10. 1, 1758, 192,— WiLS. Am. Orn. v, 1812, 46, pi. 38, fig, i.— 

 NUTT, Man. 1, 1832, 607.-AUD, Orn, Biog. iv, 1838, 584, pi. 385; Synop. 1839. 36; B. Am. 

 i, 1840, 187, pi. 50. 



Co(i(c cipn i-ia BoiE, Isis, 1822, 550.— RiDOW. Nom. N, .\m, B, 1881. No. 157.— CoCES, 2d 

 Check List, 1882. No. 163. 



Coti/le riparia BoiE, 1826.— Baied. B. X. Am. 1858, 313; Cat. N. Am, B, 1859, No, 229; Re- 

 view. 1865. .S19.— CouES, Key, 1x72, 114; Check List, 1773, No. 115; B. N. W, 1874, 89; B. 

 Col. Val. 187S, 435, -B. B. & U. Hist. X. Am, B. i, 1874, 333, pi. 16, (Ig, 14. 



Clificota riparia Stejneoeb, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 32. 



Hab. Northern Hemisphere In general: in America, south to Brazil, and throughout 

 West Indies, but breeding chiefly in the I'nlted States and northward; winters chleHy 

 south of the United States. 



"Sp. Char, Adult. Above grayish brown, somewhat fuliginous, with n tendency to 

 puler margins of the feathers. Beneath pure white, with a band ai-ross the breast and 

 the sides of 'he body like the back. Length, 4.75; wing. 4.00; lull. 2.00 



"Young birds have less emarglnate tails, and the feathers of back, ninip, and wings 

 edged with whitish." (Hint. X .1 m. «,) 



