37G BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



]Htit, pilit, uttered in "a clear, loud, and rather plaintive tone," 

 heard "soiiKtiint's to the distance of half a mile, and resembling 

 the false high note of a clarionet." 



Genus DRYOBATES Boie. 



Pidit (part). Linn. S. N. c-d. lo. l. ir.vs. Ul'; fil. 12. I. ITiH".. ITTl. anrl of mnpt nulhors. 

 yjcnrfroro/ioK Kocn. Syst. linier Zix'il. I. 1«1C, Ti. Typv, by diminution. Pieu» major 



LiSN. (-Vc.' ViEILL, Aniilyso. ISlfl. p. 45.) 

 Dryohaten BoiE. Isl«, IKai. 977. Typo. Picus pubescens Linn. 



"Gen. Char. Kill fcninl to the lifiul, or n Uttlf longpr: the laternl rlcIcesefinsi>li-iio<i«. 

 stiirthiK nlioiit the middle of the base of the bill; the basal olonBUted nval nohtrllH nearest 

 the eommlBsure; the ridnes of the eulmen and cony.'* acute, and very nearly tttnilKht. or 

 sliKhtly convex towards the tip; the bill but little broailer than hiKh at the base, beeom- 

 Ing eompressod eonsiderubly before the middle. Feet mueh lus In Campppliihm; the 

 outer i>08tcrior toe lonBest; the outer anterior about intermediate between It and the 

 Inner anterior; the inni'r posterior reaching to the base of the elaw of the inner anterior. 

 Tarsus about equal to the inner anterior toe; shorter than the two other lone toes. WfnKs 

 rather long, reaehinc to the middle of the tail, rather rounded: the fourth and fifth quills 

 longest; the auills rather broad and rounded." (Jlist. X. .Im. B.) 



The species found in eastern North America may be distinguished 

 as follows : 



A. Back lonKitndinally striped with white. 



1. D. villo9U9. Outer tail-feathers without black bars. Wing. 4.25 or more. 



2. D. pubesoens. Outer tall-feathers barred with black. Wine less than 4.25. 



B. Back transversely barred with white. 



3. D. borealis. Auriculars entirely white; sides spotted with black. Wing. 4.00-4.75. 



Dryobates villosus (Linn.) 



HAIBY WOODPECKER. 

 Popular synonyms. Big Sapsueker; Big Guinea- Woodpecker. 



Picw.s i'17/o.fi/.'i Linn. S. N. ed. 12, 1. ISCfi. 175.— WiLS. Am. Orn. I, 1»W, 15<>. pi. 9.— Nott. 



Man. i,lS32,57.').— AUD. Orn. Biog. v, 1839. 164. pi. 416; Synop. 1SW.179; B. Am. iv, 1842. 



344, pi. 262.— Baird, B.N. Am. 1858. »4 (var. medius); Cat. N. Am. B. 1&'.9. Ko. 74.— 



CoUEs, Key. 1S72, IPS; Cheek List, 1874, No. 298; 2d ed. 1882, No. 438; B. N. W. 1874. 



279 (a. riiloauf, b. niediiid).— RiDow. Nom. N. Am.B. 1881. No. 360. 

 Picus villosus var. tiiedins Baird, B. N. Am. 1858. 84. 



Piciia rillnsns var. riUosiis B. B. & U. Hist. N. Am. B. 11, 1874, 5n3,pl. 49,ngs. 3. 4. 5. 

 Picus marlinir kVD. Orn. Biog. v. 1839. 81. pi, 417; Synop. 1839, 178; B. Am. Iv. 1812, 240. pi, 



260 (= young!). 

 Picus ruhi-icapillus NuTT. Man. 2d ed. 1. 1840, 685 (= martina:). 



Hab. Ea.stern United States (except Gulf States) and more southern British Pro- 

 vinces. (Replaced in Gulf States by 7). rillosus auduhoni. in northern British .\nierica 

 by D. villostts leucomelas, and in western North America by J), villosus harrisi.) 



Sp. Chab. Above black, with a white band down the middle of the back. All the mid- 

 dle and larger wlng-coverta and nil the quills with conspicuous spots of white. Two white 



