PICID^ — THE WOODPECKEKS. 387 



Colaptes auratus (Linn.) 



FLICKEB. 



Popular synonyms. Yellow-hammer; yellow-shafted Flicker; Wake-up; High-holder, 

 or High-hole; Clape; Golden-winged Woodpecker; Pigeon Woodpecker. 



Cticulus auratus Linn. S. N. ed. 10. i, 1758. 112. 

 Fimis auratus Linn. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 171.— WiLs, Am. Orn. 1, 1808, 45, pi, 3,flg, 1,— 

 NuTT. Man. i, 1832, 561,— AuD, Orn, Biog, i, 1832, 191; v, 1839, 540, pi, 37; Synop, 1839, 

 184; B. Am. iv, 1842, 282, pi, 273, 

 Colaptes auratus ?,v;. 1827,— Baikd, B. N, Am, 1858.118; Cat, N, Am. B. 1859, No. 97,— 

 CouES, Key, 1872,197; Cheek List,1874,No, 312; 2d ed, 1882, No. 457; B. N. W. 1874,292,— 

 B, B, & E, Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 575, pi, 55, flgs, 1,2,— Kidgw. Norn, N, Am, B. 1881, 

 No, 378, 



Hab, Eastern and northern North America, inehiding all wooded parts of Alaska, 

 south to Sitka; south to Florida and eastern Texas, west to edge of Great Plains; casual 

 in California. 



"Sp. Chae, Shafts and under surfaces of wing- and tail-feathers gamboge-yellow. 

 Male with a black patch on each side of the cheek. A red crescent on the nape. Throat 

 and stripe beneath the eye pale lilac-brown. Back glossed with olivaceous green. 

 Female without the black cheek-patch. 



"Additional Chabaciers. A ereseentie patch on the breast and rounded spots on 

 the belly black. Back and wing-coverts with interrupted transverse bands of black. 

 Neck above and on the sides ashy. Beneath pale pinkish brown, tinged with yellow on 

 the abdomen, each leather with a heart-shaped spot of black near the end. Kump white. 

 Length, 12.50; wing, 6,00." {.Hist. N. Am. B.) 



Wing, 5.50-«.40; tail, 4.50-4.90. 



Specimens from Mt. Carmel measured, before skinning, as follows: 



Adult males: Total length, 12,15-12.75; extent, 19.60-20.75. 



Adult females: Total length, 12.00-12.25; extent, 19.25-19.75. 



To so common and well-known a bird as the "Yellow-hammer" 

 or Flicker, we need here give but a brief notice. It is universally 

 distributed thi'oughout the State, and is everywhere a permanent 

 resident. 



Colaptes hybridus (Baird.) 



HYBRID IXICKEE. 



Colaptes ayresii AuD. B. Am. vii, 1843, 348, pi, 494. 



Colaptes hybridus Baied, B. N. Am. 1858, 122; Cat, N, Am, B, 1859, No, 98<i. 



Colaptes auratus hyhridus Kidgw, Nom, N, Am, B, 1881. No, 378o, 11. 

 Colaptes aurato-mexicanus Sundev. Consp. Av. Picin. 1866, 72. 



Hab. Western United States, but chiefly the region of the upper Missouri, and thence 

 across the northern border and south into California. 



Chae. Intermediate between C. auratus and C. raexicaiius, the character of the two 

 species being mixed in various degrees, in different specimens. Typical combinations 

 are as follows; 



