46fi niRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Haii. Fjifltcm bordur of Iho Orfiit rinins. from HlnnCBOtn to oontrnl Toxiut. 



8p. C'HAB. Third to llftli iiulll loiii,'i'»t. tli.> nr.HlalwiiyHKlKirlcr than nt-voiith (soiuc- 

 tlmt" Hhortosti; four ciutorqiiills with iiiniT wrlis dintiiii-tly i-marKln'>t<'d. TiirHUi* Ii-hh 

 than twice as* loni; as middle too. Ailull. Tall rufouH, paler (somi'tinios whitish) at tli>. 

 and UHiially, crossod liy a Hiibti-rniinal narrow band of bla<-k. ofton with moro or IchS dis- 

 tlncl indications of olhtT narrow bars. Tppcr parts lda<-kl»h brown (nonu'tlnios much 

 mixi'd with whitcl. nearly imltorm on the back. kIsowIuto broki<n by moro or less of 

 paler transversi' barring and siiottini;. Occipital fiMitlicrs pun- while at Ihcbasc. but 

 fcathersof nape i-ducd with dull rufous. Wind's with Indistinct IlKhler eraylsh bmwn 

 bands, the tips of the reniiKes distinctly paler. Lower parts varyiuK fruin ni'arly pure 

 white, with few dark ,sp<ds across the abdomen, to almost uniform blackisli bmwn. Un- 

 der surface of primaries plain white anterior to Iheiremarcinations. young. Tall Kray- 

 Ish brown, crossed by 9 or 10 narrow but usually sharply defined bands of blackish: 

 colors otherwise much as In the adults but with less rufou.*. 



The above cliaracters cover the extreme variations in the plum- 

 age of this s])ecies that have come uiuler my notice. The species 

 vai-ies not only to a great extent iudivithially, hut also geograi)lii- 

 cally, a pecuhar style of plumage prevailing in separate geograpliical 

 areas of the country. Tlie following geographical races are fairly 

 well (Iflined : 



A. Never with dusky or rufous prevailinir on lower parts: tall of adult usually with 

 only one continuous dusky bar, soraetlmos with none. 



«■. borealis. I'piier parts with dark brownish largely prevailing: abdomen ami 



(liitik with eonspii'iious dusky spots. Tail deep rufous, usually withndis- 



tinei subtorminal bar of black. 

 /S. krideri. Upper parts with much whiti- spotlinK: lower parts almost wholly 



white, with little or no dark spottinc onabdomenand Hanks. Tall llghtrufoUR. 



usually withoiil a suhterminal bar. 



B. Freiiucntly with rufous or dusky prevailinR on lower parts, Tallof adult froiiuontly 



with iniiications of numerous bars. 



y. oalurus. Uarely but little darker than liiirenlin; usually much darker, and not 

 unfrciiiiently almost uniform blackish brown. 



n . borealis. 

 Sr. ('HAH. Ailutl. Uppor parts rich blackish brown, appronchlnc black on the 

 back; scapulars and middle wing eovorts edeed and barred b(>neath the surface with 

 dull white, anil tinged along edges with ochraceous, Wings generally of a paler shade 

 than the back: scciuularies fading into nearly white at tips. ami. with the greater coverts, 

 obscurely barred witli darker: primaries nearly black, tiiis edged with pale brown, 

 this passing into whitish, liump uniform blackish brown, the feathers obscurely bor- 

 dered with rusty. Upper tail-coverts ochraceous white.nearly pure terminally, and with 

 about two distinct transverse bars of deep rufous. Tall rich uniform laterilious rufous, 

 pa.ssing narrowly into while at the lip. and about an inch (or less) from the end crossed by 

 a narrow baud of bhu'k. Hi'ad and neck with lhi> feathers medially bhx'klsh brown. the 

 edges rusty rufous, causing a streaked appearance ; the rufous prevailing on the sides of 

 the occiput, ear-coverls, and neck. The blackish almost uniform on the forehead and on 

 the eheeks, over whbdi it forms a broail "mustache": lores and siiles of frontlet whitish. 

 Throat white, with broad st'ripi'S of pureslaty brown; lower parts in general ochraceous 



