470 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Atliill female? (No. Mi.'.iffii. 11. S. Niil. Mil-.. Onlnosvlllu, Toxiir: O. H. RiiRHclale). ll.-nd 

 ami ni'i'k iilmvi- wlilt>'.oiii»li foiithor imirkt'il wltli n i-entnil K'utliito ur iicuto-ovute 8|ii>t of 

 iliisky brown, till! wliolc umlur surruco of Hill pluniiiur. Iiowi'vor. imri* wliilo. Bii<-k aiiil 

 Houpuliirs niixi'il lirnwnlKli umy. (tusky brown, iiinl wliiti', in m^iirly i><iual proporllou, tlio 

 wliolo niub-rlyinB portion of till.' fi'iitliors wliiti': IcssiT nmt midillp wlnB-covi>rt« nearly 

 uuiforni (Inoky brown, Willi ii f.iiiil purplish ulo.ss; Krnitor fovorls i;riiyiHli brown. traiiB- 

 vorscly spotti'd. or irn'diiliirly barrpil. with iliisky.llio conoeali'd bauil portion whlti-; 

 SL'comliirii's similar, but darker torininally, and narrowly tippnd with whilo: prlniariL'H 

 eraylsli brown, darker toward ends. indiHllnctly ninttlud with darkrr or iiclilcr. thfl 

 shorti-r iiuiils with drcidodly. IIioukIi not abruptly, pah-r tIpH. I'ppi'r lail-i'ovi-rts wliitt-. 

 murki'd with an irrL'Kular subtfrmlnal blotoli of dusky brown (ronliniii.>d. irn-cularly, 

 aloDK tlii> shaft), tlio Iniior webs of Monio of Hiem staini'd with oi-liraerous. Tail wlilti-. 

 the outer webs of all the feathers eonfusedly mottled, ehlelly near the edges, with brown- 

 ish gray, these mottiinifs more eoalesned, and also darker in eidor, near the end of the 

 feathers, so as to siiKKest a poorly defined subterminal darker banil: inner webs of nil 

 the reetriees, also tin' shafts, entirely wliile. Heiul, neek, and entire lower parts white, 

 the first finely streaked laterally with dusky, the throat more broadly streaki-d, and from 

 the rictus backward a broad stripe of dusky, formed of coalesced uuttate streaks or spots, 

 which at the lower part of the throat I'xtend across, forniini; a narrow interrupted band: 

 sides of jiiKulum marked with eultate spots of dusky brown; fianks and lower part of 

 abdomen marked with Kultate and lanceolate spots or streaks of very dark brown; front 

 Olid inner sides of tibiip sparsely and irrecularly marked willi clear Krnyish brown; 

 whole breast, anal rctrion, and crissum, immaculate. LininK of wins white, sparsely 

 and irregularly spotted with dusky, thus forming a initch on the anti'Hor under winc- 

 eoverts: under surface of priniarii's. anterior to their emarRination. faintly, sparsely, 

 and irregularly niolllcd with Krayish. Wine li;.25; tail, l(i.iK); culmen. l.Hi; tarsus. 2.85, 

 the bare portion in front 1.75; middle toe. 1.7.5. 



'/. Dark phase, 



ylduH »ii(i(e (Lawrence, Kansas, October, 1871: in collection of Kansas I'niversity). 

 General color deep, almost carbonaceous, black, showing much exposed white on the 

 head, ne<'k, and breast, all the feathers of which are snowy white beneath the surface, 

 the black being merely in the form of tear-shaped spots on the terminal portion of the 

 feather; chin, lores, and front pure white; upper parts in general, the posterior lower 

 parts, and the lining of the wing, with the black unbroken, but all the feathers— except 

 the unilcr wing-coverts— more or less spotted with white beneath the surface, on a gray- 

 ish ground, these spots being usually arranged in pairs on each side of the shaft, on the 

 Hanks: tftil-coverls, above and below, spotti'd irregularly with bright rufous, in nearly 

 canal amount with the black and white. AluliO, primary coverts, and primaries, with 

 quadrate spots of plumbeous on their outer webs, forming transverse bands; under sur- 

 face of primaries plumbeous gray except at ends, but much bi'okcn by coarse marbling 

 of white, this iircvailing anteriorly, where it is much confused, but posteriorly about 

 eciual with the grayish, and exhibiting a tendency to form iiuiidrale spots. Tail, with the 

 ground color white, but this nearly hidden on the upper surface by a lougitudinal mot- 

 tling of dark and light ashy, this growing more uniform terminally, where it becomes 

 slightly sufi'used with reddish and crossed by a sublonuiual, broad, but broken and 

 Irregular, band of black, the lip again very narrowly grayish and reddish. 



Wing formula. 4. :i,.V2,6; 1=10. Wing, 15.00; tail. «.80; culmen. l.OO; tarsus, 2.75; mid- 

 dle toe, 1.50; lateral toes equal. Plumage of fianks. tibin\ and crissum remarkably 

 leiigtheneil and lax, the latter reaching within two inches of the tip ofthetAil, and the 

 tibial plumes reaching to the base of (he toes. 



Aditll fiiiiale (No. (i.Kfd.Kio Grande. hit. ■■il': Dr. T. ('. Henry, V. S. A.). Whole plum- 

 age purplish black. orchocolale-bhiek, with a purplish lustre; feathers everywhere pure 

 white at ba.ses. this exposed, however, only on the occiput, or where the feathers are dis- 

 arranged. Forehead, lores. and chin white. Secondaries an<l primaries more brown than 

 otherportions.erossodby distinct bands of black,— about six on the secondaries. Whole 



