2 BULLETIN" 17 8, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



OUTSTANDING AUTHORS AND COLLECTORS OF TYPE SPECIMENS 



Among the early mammalogists who have described many of our 

 older types are such well-known men as Audubon, Allen (J. A.), 

 Bachman, Baird, Cassin, Cope, Coues, Elliot, Kennicott, LeConte, 

 Peale, and True. The recent authors equally prominent are Bailey, 

 Goldman (E. A.), Heller, Hollister, Howell (A. H.), Jackson, Lyon, 

 Mearns, Merriam (C. H.), Miller, Nelson, and Osgood. Dr. C. Hart 

 Merriam described 651 of the type specimens listed here, Gerrit S. 

 Miller, Jr., 473, and E. A. Goldman, 27T. 



The numerous type specimens of Malayan and African mammals 

 have come from two main sources, namelj^, the Malayan explora- 

 tions of the late Dr. W. L. Abbott during the years 1897 to 1909 

 and the Smithsonian and Rainey African expeditions of 1909-1910 

 and 1911-1912, respectively. No less than 462 type specimens have 

 been designated among the mammals presented to the National 

 Museum by Dr. Abbott. Those in the African collections number 

 about 100. 



The older type specimens of North American mammals have also 

 come from two main sources, the collections made by naturalists 

 attached to the many governmental exploring parties sent to the 

 Western United States about the middle of the nineteenth century 

 and those accumulated by the more recent activities of the Biologi- 

 cal Survey. Work in Mexico carried on by Dr. E. W. Nelson and 

 E. A. Goldman during the years 1892 to 1906, under the auspices 

 of the Survey, resulted in the enriching of the type collection by no 

 less than 354 specimens. Major Goldman also collected 78 mammal 

 types in Arizona and 49 in Panama. Vernon Bailey collected ex- 

 tensively west of the Mississippi River; 104 of his specimens have 

 been made types. Major E. A. Mearns collected 81 types in the 

 region of the Mexican boundary and among the Philippine Islands. 



Most of the types have been described by recent authors, who have 

 worked with large series of specimens and with careful modem methods 

 of technique and discrimination. Nearly every prominent mammalo- 

 gist is represented here. The majority of the types in the Biological 

 Surveys collection were collected and described by mammalogists on 

 the staff of the Service. 



ARRANGEMENT 



In this list of type specimens of mammals a strictly alphabetical 

 order of arrangement has been adopted. It is applied alike to orders, 

 families, genera, species, and subspecies. 



The name of each genus, subgenus, species, and subspecies is recorded 

 as in the original description, followed by a reference to the place and 

 date of its publication. Whenever changes have been made by subse- 



