A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 345 



Moseley in 1877 described the pigment in a specimen from Suez recorded as 

 Antedon sp., which was probably this form, and his account of the coloring matter 

 was noticed by MacMunn in 1890 and by Newbigin in 1898. In his preliminary 

 report upon the comatulids of the Blake expedition published in 1881 Dr. P. H. 

 Carpenter said he had seen specimens of Antedon carinata from the Red Sea and 

 Aden, and had found it impossible to separate them specifically from others from 

 Mauritius. In the Challenger report upon the comatulids published in 1888 Car- 

 penter included Muscat, Aden, and the Red Sea among the localities where Antedon 

 carinata is found. He said that in the few specimens that he had seen from Muscat 

 and from the Red Sea the brachial carination and also the synarthrial tubercles are 

 considerably less distinct than they are in those from the Indian Ocean, Brazil, or 

 the Caribbean Sea ( = St. Lucia); while both in the African (carinata) and in the 

 Red Sea variety the terminal portions of the arms have stiffer pinnules and a less 

 feathery appearance than in the Brazilian specimens. 



In my first revision of the old genus Antedon pubhshed in 1907 this form was 

 included under Tropiometra carinata. In 1909, in a review of Chadwick's report on 

 the crinoids of the Sudanese Red Sea, I said that the first crinoids known from the 

 Red Sea were Tropiometra carinata and Heterometra sacignii, both of which were well 

 figured by Savigny in 1817. In a paper on the recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa 

 published in 1911 I included tliis form under Tropiometra encrinus, new species. The 

 African localities were given as "Red Sea," Aden, and ?Suez, and I added that this 

 species ranges eastward to the South Sea islands and the east coast of Asia; it appears 

 to be generally rare, though common about Ceylon. I remarked that I was not 

 absolutely certain that the Red Sea specimens of Tropiometra should be referred to 

 this species, as I had never been able to examine any of large size, but they seem to 

 be nearer encrinus of corresponding size than to any other form. 



In his memoir on the comatulids of the Blake expedition published in 1912, Dr. 

 Clemens Hartlaub mentioned Antedon carinata from Muscat and the Red Sea, 

 taking the records from Carpenter. 



In a paper on the crinoids of the Berlin Museum published in 1912, 1 said that my 

 Tropiometra encrinus published as a new species in 1911 is in reality composed of 

 three species, Tropiometra encrinus, T. audouini, new species, and 7\ indica, new 

 species. Under Tropiometra audouini I recorded and gave notes upon specimens from 

 Eig Tor and Ras-el-Millan, Gulf of Suez, and from Aden. These were the specimens 

 I had in 1911 mentioned having seen. In my memoir on the crinoids of the Indian 

 Ocean published in 1912, I included this form under Tropiometra encrinus. The 

 localities given were Muscat, Aden, Tor, the Red Sea, and ?Suez. In a paper on the 

 crinoids of west Africa published in 1914, I mentioned Tropiometra audouini, with 

 the Red Sea as the locality. 



In 1916 Dr. Robert Hartmeyer corrected my record (1912) of Eig Tor, Gulf of 

 Suez, to read Erg Tor. 



In my report upon the unstalked crinoids of the Siboga expedition published in 

 1918 I included audouini in the key to the species of the genus Tropiometra, giving the 

 Red Sea as the habitat. In a review of the smaller species of Tropiometra occurring 

 in the Indo-Pacific region published in 1932, I included Tropiometra audouini, giving 

 as the range Red Sea and eastward to Muscat. 



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