28 BULLETIN 82, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



case ill Antedon bifida), the othor to contain tkosc like Pentacrinus europseus in which 

 the iligestivo system was supposed to have but a single opening. 



In 1S31 Forussac recorded that M. Lemarc-Piquot brought back many coma- 

 tulids collected on his voyage to the East Indies and South Africa. 



Georg August Goldfuss in 1832 published a description and a figure of a speci- 

 men which he had found at Bonn, which he referred to '' Comatula multiradinta" ; 

 the species r(>presented is the Alecto hcnndti subsequenth' described by !Miiller. At 

 the same time Goklfuss gave a good comparative account of the common Mediter- 

 ranean Antedon for comparison with the fossil species with which he was mainly 

 concerned. 



Rui)pcl, in the course of his travels, found in the Red Sea an interesting multi- 

 radiate comatulid upon which he bestowed the manuscript name of " Comatula 

 leucomelas," but he docs not appear to have mentioned it anj-^vhere in his works. 

 In 1833 Leuckart came across his specimens in the Senckenberg Museum at Frank- 

 fort and ])ublishcd the name together with the locality, though without any iHag- 

 nosis. liccenth' Ilartlaub has reexamined the specimens, and has found them 

 to be examples of the Alecto palmata later described by Miiller. 



Leuckart was the fust to describe the curious parasitic worms belonging to 

 the genus Myzostoma with which crinoids are usually hifested, his attention having 

 been first called to them by mistaking one for a madreporic plate. In discussing 

 the gentis Myzostoma he mentions a multiradiate comatulid from the Rod Sea 

 which, foUowuig Audouin, ho identifies as "Comatula muUiradiata,'' but which 

 von Graff, acting on the advice of P. H. Carpenter, has suggested was probably 

 an example of Tleterometra savignii, the species to which Audouin's Comatula 

 muUiradiata has always been referred. 



In 1834 Dr. J. E. Gray found upon the coast of Kent a peculiar organism 

 which he was unable to place, and he therefore described it as new under the name 

 of Ganymeda pulchella. Later it was discovered that his supposedly anomalous 

 creature was merely the detached centrodorsal of the common Antedon bifida. 



In 183.5 the first mention of a recent crinoid occurs in Australian zoological 

 literature; ui that year the Rev. C. Pleydell N. Wilton described, under the name of 

 Encrinus australis, what he supposed to be a new species, but which has smce 

 proved not to I)e a crinoid at all. Ten j'cars later his paper was m part translated 

 into French and reprinted, the author's name being incorrectly given as "Rev. 

 C. PleydeU." 



In the year 1836 do Blainville pul)lished a valuable summary of the knowledge 

 which had been acquired m regard to the comatulids; his account of them is prac- 

 tically the same as that contained in the later editions of the work of Lamarck, 

 de Blainville had previously published two less extended treatises on the group 

 in the well known "Dictionaii-e d'histohe naturelle," one m volume 10 (1818), 

 the other in volume 60 (1830). 



Prof. LouLs Agassiz in lS3r) founded his genus Comaster, based upon the Comat- 

 ula muUiradiata of Lamarck, which unfortunately is not the same as the Asterias 

 muUiradiata of Linn6 and of Retzius. Agassiz employed as the differential char- 

 acter for his new genus the excess of the numbor of arms over the 10 found in 



