MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CEINOIDS. 35 



for the endocyclic. Unfortunately he never pubhshed any detailed account of his 

 studies himself, but he gave to Dr. P. H. Carpenter the resuhs of Ids researches, 

 by whom they were pubhshed, together with his own obsei-vations, 10 or 12 

 years later (1879). Doctor Liitken had, however, in 1866, 1869, 1874, 1877 (two), 

 and 1879, published hsts of the comatuhds in the collection of the GodeflFroy Museum 

 at Hamburg, which clearly show that his conception of the generic hmits of "Ante- 

 don" and " Actinometra" at that time was the same as that elaborated by P. H. 

 Carpenter in 1879 and in 1888. The names used by Liitken were all nomina nuda, 

 but all have since been identified. 



In the United States Prof. Addison E. VerriU had taken up the study of the 

 echinoderms and, beginning in 1866, he published various papers in wliich he brought 

 up to date the somewhat scanty knowledge of the comatuhds of North and South 



America. . • j j i 



SirC. Wyville Thomson, in his prehminaiy report upon the crmoids coUected by 

 the Porcupine expedition (1872) and in his semipopular work "The Depths of the 

 Sea " pubhshed in 1873, as well as in " The Atlantic," pubhshed m 1877, brought out 

 many new facts concerning the ciinoid fauna of the north Atlantic and of the 



Mediterranean. 7 7 ■ 



In 1875 Grube described three new comatuhds from Borneo, tomitula Ixms- 

 sima {AmpUmetra Isevissima + AmpUmetra milherti), Conmtula (Actinometra) 

 l<ymeensis {CapilUster muUiradiata) and Conmtula mertensi {Comanthus parvicfirra) 

 reverting to the classification of MiiUer which had been abandoned by VerriU and 

 Pourtales, these authors placmg all their species in the genus Antedon, foUoXN-mg 



Norman and Gray. 



In the year 1877 Prof. E. P. Wright described a supposed new genus and species 

 of sponge from Austraha, which he called Kallispongia arched. Mr. S. O. Ridley, 

 in reviewing the paper for the "Zoological Record," at once noticed the similanty 

 of the animal to the stalked larva of Antedon, and expressed his doubts as to 

 whether it really was a sponge. Subsequent study lias sho^^^l that Kallisponfia 

 archeri is in reahty the stalked larva of two Austrahan crmoids, Ptilometra mullen 

 and (probably) Compsometra loveni. Were it not that the figure of the pentacrinoid 

 of Ptilometra mulleri is given as a "variety" of the supposed species, Kallispongw. 

 would have to be used instead of Ptilometra. 



At the same time the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbmg, wlio had been mterested m the 

 then current speculation in regard to the origm of tlie generic name Antedon, pub- 

 hshed a short note stating that 'Avei,diov was the name of a nymph mentioned by 

 Pausanias and that the name would be more correct if speUed " Anthedon." This 

 emendation has not, however, been adopted by any one except Mmckert, who 

 employed it in one of his papers pubhshed in 1905. ,. , , . ^ ^ , 



Mention should here be made of the monograph ]nibhshed in 187/ by Prof. 

 Ludwig von Graff on the myzostomes, a group of curious "worms" untU recently 

 knovvni only as parasites upon the crmoids. In the preparation of this monograph 

 Professor von Graff received many spechnens taken from crmoids bearing unpub- 

 hshed museum names and from crinoids taken in locahties not previously laiown to 

 support a crinoid fauna. Later Professor von Graff studied the myzostomes from 



