vi CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



§ 4. An introduction to the Anatomy of birds 138 



a. Osteology : the osseous system, or skeleton 134- 



1. The spinal column 137 



2. The thorax : ribs and sternum 142 



3. The pectoral arch 145 



4. The pelvic arch 147 



5. The skull 141) 



6. Neurology : the nervous system ; organs of special senses 174 



c. Myology : the muscular system 11)2 



d. Angeiology: the vascular or circulatory systems 195 



c. Pneumatology : the respiratory system 19D 



/. Splanchnology : the digestive system 209 



y. Oology : the urogenital system 215 



§ 5. Directions for using the artificial keys 227 



Artifici.\l Key to the Orders and Suborders 230 



Artificial Key to tue Families .231 



Tabular View of the Groups higher than Genera 234 



PART III. 



SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



I. Order PASSERES : Insessores, or Perchers Proper 238 



1. Suborder PASSERES ACROMYODI, or OSCINES : Singing Birds .... 240 



1. Family Turdid.e : Thrushes, etc. . 240 



1. Subfamily Turdina : Typical Thrushes 243 



2. Subfamily Mimince : Mocking Thrushes 248 



8. Subfamily Cinclmts : Dippers 254 



4. '^VihiamW^ Saxicolina : Stone-chats and Blue-birds 256 



5. ^whi-AwnX-^ Regulince : Kinglets and Wood-wreus i259 



(3. ^xMdimA-^ Polioptilince : Gnat-catchers 260 



2. Family Cham^id^ : Wren-tits 262 



S. Family Pabid.e : Titmice, or Chickadees 263 



7. Subfamily Ptfrz«<g ; True Titmice 263 



4 Family Sittid^ : Nuthatches 269 



5. Family Certhiid^ : Creepers 2/2 



8. ^nhiaxml^ Certhiinat : Typical Creepers 272 



6. Family Troglodytid^ : Wrens 273 



9. ^\xhiiim\\y Campi/lorhi/nchiiia : Fan-tailed Wrens 274 



10. Subfamily Troglodytina : True Wrens 277 



7. Family AlaiidiDjE : Larks . 2S0 



11. Subfamily CalandritincB : Shoi-e Larks 281 



12. ^whhmih AlauditKB: Sky Larks 282 



8. Family Motacillid^e : Wagtails and Pipits 283 



13. Subfamily MotacilUna -. Wagtails 284 



14. Subfamily AntlwKe .• Pipits, or Titlarks . • 285 



