TURDID^—TURIJINjE: THRUSHES. 247 



referable to T. fuscescens ; but it bears an extraordinary resemblance to T. ustulatus, in the 

 russet-olive color of the upper parts, and only slightly buff tinge of the jugulum. It is dis- 

 tinguished from ustulatus by lack of the buff orbital ring so characteristic of ustulatus and 

 sivainsoni, and other characters by which fuscescens differs, notably the few if any spots in the 

 wliite breast back of the buff area, and pale hoary gray instead of sordid olive-gray shading of 

 the sides. The nest and eggs are presumably like those of fuscescens, not like those of ustu- 

 latus or sioainsoni. (Not in Check List, lhl8'2.) 



8. T. unalas'cae. (Named from the island of Uualaska.) Western Hermit Thrush. In 

 color absolutely like No. 10; in size slightly less on an average; length scarcely 7.00; wing 

 ."5. ."10: tail 2.50; tarsus 1.15. Pacific coast region of N. A. 



9. T. u. au'duboni. (To J. J. Audubon.) Audubon's HERaaT Thrush. In color absolutely 

 like No. 10 ; in size larger on an average ; length about 7-75 ; wing 4.20 ; tail 3.30 ; tarsus 

 1.30. Southern Eocky Mt. region. A better marked variety than the last. 



10. T. u. na'nus. (Gi: pdvos, Lat. nanus, a dwarf.) Eastern Hermit Thrush. ^ 9, in 

 summer : Upper parts olivaceous, with a brownish cast, Jiud thenifore not so pure as in 

 swainsoni; this color changing on the rump and upper tail-coverts into the rufous of the taU, 

 in decided contrast with the back. Under paits white, shaded vpith grayish-olive on the sides ; 

 the breast, jugulum, and sides of the neck more or less strongly tinged with yellowish, and 

 marked with numerous large, angular, dusky spots, wliich extend back of the yeUowish-tinted 

 parts. Throat immaculate. A yellowish orbital ring. Bill brownish-black, most of the under 

 mandible livid whitish; mouth yellow, eyes brown; legs pale brownish. (J, length 7-00- 

 7.25; extent 11.00-12.00; wing 3.50-3.75; tail 2.75-3.00. 9, smaUer; length 6.75-7-00; 

 extent 10.75-11.25 ; wing 3.25-3.50. Averages of both sexes are : length 7-00; extent 11.25 ; 

 wing 3.50; tail 2.75 ; tarsus 1.15. The dimensions thus overlap those of both wictZasc^ an4 

 auduboni, and no positive discrimination is possible; the differences, when any, being u 

 averages, not of extremes either way. <? 9 ; in winter : The olivaceous of the upper parts 

 assumes a more rufous cast, much like that of ustulatus, and the yellowish wash- of the under 

 parts and sides of the head and neck is more strongly pronounced. But the most rufous speci- 

 mens are readily distinguished from fuscescens by the strong contrast between the color of the 

 tail and other upper parts. Very young : Most of the upper parts marked with pale yellowish 

 longitudinal streaks, with clubbed extremities, and dusky specks at the end; while the feathers 

 of the belly and flanks are often skirted with dusky in addition to the numerous blackish spots 

 of the rest of the under parts. N. Am. at large, but chiefly the Eastern Province; abundant; 

 migratory, and found in all woodland, but breeds only northerly, from Massachusetts and cor- 

 responding latitudes to the Arctic regions ; winters in the Southern States. Nest and eggs not 

 distinguishable from those of the Veery (No. 7) • 



11. T. ustula'tus. (Lat. ustulatus, scorched, singed ; referring to the warm russet coloration.) 

 Oregon Olive-backed Thrush. Russet-backed Thrush. Quite like T. swainsoni 

 proper. No. 13, in uniformity of the color of the whole upper parts, presence of a buff orbital 

 ring, and general character of the shading and spotting of the under parts ; but olive of the 

 upper parts not pure, having a decided rufous tinge, resulting in a russet-olive of exactly the 

 shade of that of the upper parts of the Western variety of fuscescens (salieicola) ; from which 

 it is distinguished by the buff orbital ring, and very different shading and marking of the 

 under parts (compare No. 7 a) ; there being, as in swainsoni proper, much olive-gray spotting 

 of the wliite breast back of the buff area, and much shading of the same olive-gray on the sides. 

 Size of sivainsoni. Nest in bushes, and eggs spotted, as in the latter. Pacific coast region 

 of the U. S., abundant. 



12. T. u. ali'ciae. (To Miss Alice Kennicott, sister of Robert Kennicott.) Gray-cheeked 

 Thrush. Similar to swainsoni in uuifonnity and purity of the olive of the upper parts, which 

 is as dark and pure (no tendency to the rufous of ustulatus) ; but the sides of the head lack- 



