PABID^ — PAIUN.^: TITMICE. 267 



boUy nearly white, the rest more lieavily sliaded. AVings autl tail with comparatively little 

 whitish edging — the tail at least with no more than that of P. carolinensis. Sides of the 

 head and neck white ; top of' the head, and the throat, black. A conspicuous white super- 

 ciliary stripe in the black cap, usually meeting its fellow across the forehead. Length about 

 5.00; extent 8.30; wing 2. .50-2. 75; tail rather less; bill 0.38; tarsus 0.66. U. S., from 

 Eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mts. to the Pacific, chiefly in alpine regions. 

 .50. P. rufes'cens. (Lat. rufescetis, rufous, reddish.) Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Crown 

 and nape dark wood-brown, becoming sooty along the sides, separated from the sooty-bla«k of 

 the throat by a large white area extending back on the sides of the neck. Entire back and 

 sides of body rich dark chestnut, contrasting strongly with the brown of the head. Breast 

 and central line of under jiarts, with lining of the wings, whitish. Wing- and tail-coverts 

 more or less washed with rusty-brown. Quills and tail-feathers scarcely or slightly edged 

 with whitish. Bill black; feet dark; iris brown. Young with throat brown, like crown, 

 instead of sooty. Length 4.75; extent 7-50; wing 2.30; tail about 2.00. A strongly 

 marked species, with chestnut back and sides conti-asting with dark brown cap and sooty throat. 

 Pacific coast region of the U. S., northerly, and corresponding portions of British America. 



51. P. r. neglec'tus? (Lat. neglectus, neglected, i. e., not chosen; wee, not, and lego, I gather, 

 choose.) Quite similar: crown, throat, and back the same, but sides not extensively chestnut, 

 being simply washed with rusty-brown. Coast region of California. 



49- P. hudson'icus. (Lat. hudsonicus, of Hudson's Bay ; after Henry Hudson, the navigator.) 

 HuDSONiAX Titmouse. Crown, nape, and upper parts generally clear hair-brown, or ashy- 

 brown with a slight olive shade, the coloration quite the same on back and crown, and contin- 

 uous, being not separated by any whitish nuchal interval. Throat quite black, in restricted 

 area, not extending backward on sides of neck ; separated from the brown crown by silky 

 white on the side of the head, this white not reaching back of the auriculars to the sides of the 

 nape. Sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts washed with dull chestnut or rusty-brown ; other 

 under parts whitish. Quills and tail-feathers lead-color, as in other titmice, scarcely or slightly 

 edged with whitish. Little or no concealed white on rump. Bill black ; feet dark. Size of 

 P. atricajnllus, or rather less. Wing 2.50 ; tail rather less. New England and British America 

 generally ; Nevada to Alaska. Common in coniferous woods. - 

 49a. P. h. evu'ra, twbis. Alaskan specimens are larger, the tail nearly 3.00 ; thus corresponding 

 with P. atricapillus septentrionalis, and being quite the size of P. cinetus, from which dis- 

 tinguished by retaining precisely the coloration of P. hudsonicus. Alaska. 



52. P. cinc'tus. (Lat. cincfMS, girdled; cm^o, I bind about.) Siberian Titmouse. In general, 

 similar to P. hudsonicus, but quite distinct. Throat sooty-blackish ; crown and nape dark 

 hair-brown, bordered laterally with dusky, quite appreciably difi'erent in tone from the brighter 

 brownish of the back, from which also separated to some extent by whitish of the cervix. 

 Sides of head and neck pure white, in a large area widening behind, this white of opposite 

 sides nearly meeting across the cervix. Back ashy overlaid with flaxen-brown, the rump light 

 brown with much concealed white. Under parts whitish centrally fi-om the black throat, but 

 heavily washed on the sides, flanks, and crissum, sometimes quite across the belly, witli, light 

 brownish. Wings and tail slate-color, as usual in the genus, with much whitish edging, 

 especially on the secondaries. Bill plumbeous-blackish ; feet plumbeous. Wing 2.60 ; tail 

 rather more. A large stylish chickadee, lately ascertained to inhabit Arctic America, especially 

 Alaska, as well as boreal regions of Asia and Europe. 



15. PSALTRI'PARUS. (Gr. yj^uXTpia, Lat. psnlfria, a lutist ; and pdrus, a tit.) Bush-tits. 

 Dwarfs among pygmies! 3.75-4.25 long; wing 2.00 or less, tail 2.00 or more. Ashy or 

 olive-gray, paler or whitish below ; neither croAvn nor throat black ; no bright colors. Head 

 not crested; wings rounded, shorter than the long narrow graduated tail, which exceeds the 

 length of the body. Nest large, woven, pensile, with lateral entrance (fig. 140). Eggs 6-9, 



