SYLVICOLIDjE— SYLVICOLIN^ : TRUE WARBLERS. 303 



parts brownish-olive, streaked with black ; the iiery orange of the male not so intense, or 

 merely yellow, tl)at on the crown obscure or obsolete. Wliite speculum of the wing resolved 

 into two white bars. Sides of the head like the back, instead of black as in the male, and the 

 lateral streaks duller and more blended. $ and 9 , adult, in autumn, are sufficiently similar 

 to the respective sexes in spring, but the coloration is toned down, the fiery colors of the mak- 

 being less intense, and the black of the back being much mixed with olivaceous, bringinuc 

 about a close resemblance to the spring female; while the female is duller stiU, and more im- 

 purely colored. Young : Early autumnal birds of the year of this species are very obscure- 

 looking, showing no sign of the rich coloration of the adults. Above, like the adult 9 j t)"t 

 still browner, witli more obsolete dusky streaking. Usually an indication of the crown -sj)ot in 

 a lightening of the part. Sides of the head like the crown, cutting off a superciliary stripe and 

 the eyelids, which are ochrey-white. Whole under parts white, tinged, especially on the throat 

 and breast, with yellowish, the sides with obsolete streaking. Indication of the peculiar pat- 

 tern of the adults, though without their actual coloration, together with the extent of white on 

 the tail-feathers, will usually suffice for the determination of the species, before any orange 

 appears on the throat, after which there can be no difficulty. Chietiy Eastern N. Am. ; W., 

 however, to Utah. Abundant in mixed woodland; breeds in northerly parts of its U. S. range 

 and northward; winters extralimital. One of the later migrants in spring. Nests in bushes 

 and low trees ; eggs not peculiar. 



D. stria'ta. (Lat. sfna^a, striped. Fig. 166.) Black-poll Warbler. ^, adult: Back, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts grayish-olive, heavily streaked with black ; whole crown pure 

 glossy black. Below, pure white ; a double series of black streaks 

 starts from the extreme chin, and diverges to pass one on each 

 side to the tail, the streaks being confluent anteriorly, discrete 

 posteriorly. Side of head above the chain of streaks pure white, 

 including lower eyelid. Wings dusky, the primaries with much 

 greenish edging, the inner secondaries with whitish edging, the 

 greater and median covei-ts tipped with white, forming two cross- 

 bars. Tail like the wings, with rather small white spots at the 

 ends of the inner webs of two or three outer feathers. Upper p-jQ lee. — Black-poll ^Var- 

 mandible browTdsh-black ; lower mandible with the feet flesh- bier, nat. size. (Adnat.del.E.C.) 

 colored or yellowish. Length 5.25-5.75; extent 8.75-9.30 ; wing 2.70-2.90; tail 2.25. 9: 

 Entire upper parts, including the crown, greenish-olive, with dusky streaks; below, white, 

 much tinged with greenish-yellow, especially anteriorly, the streaks dusky and not so sharp as 

 tliose of the male, but stiU very evident. Bars and edgings of the wings greenish-white. Tail 

 as in the male. Eather smaller than the male on an average. Young : Similar to the adult 

 9 , but brighter and more greenish -olive above, the streakings few and chiefly confined to the 

 niiddle of the back ; below, more or less completely tinged with greenish-yellow, the streakings 

 obsolete, or entirely wanting. Under tail-coverts usually i)ure white. These autumnal birds 

 bear an extraordinary resemblance to those of D. castanea (though the adults are so very differ- 

 ent), the upper parts being, in fact, the same in both. But young castanea generally shows 

 traces of the chestnut, or at least a buffy shade, quite diff'erent from the clear greenish-olive of 

 striata, this tint being strongest on the flanks and under tail-coverts, just where striata is the 

 most purely white. Moreover, castanea shows no streaks below, traces at least of which are 

 usually observable in striata. N. Am., excepting the Western and most of the Middle Province ; 

 N. to the Arctic ocean, Greenland, Alaska; west to Nebraska and Colorado. Winters extra- 

 limital. Breeds from northern New England northward. Migrates late in the spring, bringing 

 up the rear-guard of the Warbler hosts ; when the Black-polls appear in force the collecting 

 season is about over ! Nests low in spruce-trees and other evergreens; eggs 5, 0.72 X 0.50, 

 not peculiar. 



