SYLVICOLIDJE — SYLVICOLINJE : TBUE WARBLERS. 307 



feathers edged with white; two outer tail-feathers white-blotched on inner web. Length 

 o.jU; wing 2.80; tail 2.70. 9> adult: Upper parts dull bluish-gray, obscured with brown- 

 ish on the hind neck and back, marked with heavy blackish streaks on the whole back ; 

 crown and upper tail-coverts mth fine black sliaft-lines. Sides of head and neck like upper 

 jtarts, witli darkened lores and whitish eye-ring. Wiug-quills dusky, with slight whitish edg- 

 ing of both webs ; coverts like back, but with large blackish central field, and whitish edging 

 and tipping, forming two inconspicuous wiug-bars. Tail-feathers like wing-quills, only the 

 outermost one having a small white blotch. Entire under parts dull yellow, brighter on breast, 

 paler on throat and belly, washed with brownish on sides, -with a slight necklace of brownish 

 dots across the fore breast (as in Myiodioctes canadensis) ; these spots stronger on the sides of 

 the breast, whence lengthening into streaks on the sides and Hanks; a few small sharp 

 scratches of the same nearly across lower breast. Under tail-coverts white, unmarked. Bill 

 and feet black. Length about 5.30; wing 2.60; tail 2.30; bill 0.40; tarsus 0.80. Eastern 

 U. S., the rarest of all tlie Warblers; only about a dozen specimens known thus far; its rela- 

 tionships appear to be with dominica, graciee, and adelaidce. 



132. D. palma'rum. (Lat. ^JaZ«mr^t»i, of the palms ; gen. pi. of 2J«?wa, a palm.) Yellow Red- 

 poll Warbler. Palii Warbler. In spring : Brownish-olive, rump and upper tail-coverts 

 brighter yellowish-olive, back obsoletely streaked with dusky, crown chestnut ; superciliary 

 line and entire under parts rich yellow, breast and sides with reddish-brown streaks, somewhat 

 as in the Summer Warbler; a dusky loral line running through eye; no white icing -bars, the 

 wing-coverts and inner quills being edged with yellowish-brown; tail spots at very end oi 

 inner webs of two outer pairs of tail-feathers only, and cut squarely off — a peculiarity distin- 

 guishing the species in any plumage. 9 ii<^'t particularly dififerent from the $. Young: An 

 obscure-looking object, brownish above like a young Yellow-rump, but upper tail-coverts 

 yellowish -olive, and under tail-coverts apt to show quite bright yellow in contrast with the 

 dingy yellowish-white or brownish-white of other under parts ; pectoral and lateral streaks 

 obscure ; crown generally showing chestnut traces ; but in any i>lumage, known by absence 

 of white wing-bars and peculiarity of the tail-spots. Length 5.00-5.25; extent about 8.00; 

 wing 2.50; tail 2.25; tarsus 0.75. Eastern N. Am., abundant; N. to Labrador, Hudson's 

 Bay, Fort Resolution, etc. ; breeds only beyond the U. S., excepting in Maine. Nest on the 

 ground; peculiar in this respect in the genus, as far as knoAvn; eggs not peculiar. Wlien the 

 bird is migrating it is usually found in fields, along hedge-rows and road-sides, with Yellow- 

 rumps and SpaiTows ; the most terrestrial species of the genus, often recalling a Titlark ; 

 migrates early in the spring, and remains in the fall latest of any, except the Yellow-rump, 

 being observed at both these seasons in New England, with snow, in April and November ; 

 winters abundantly from the Caroliuas to Texas, and in the West Indies. 



133. D. p. hypochry'sea ? {(yr. vno, hupo, xmA^v; xpvcreoi, chruseos, goUen.) Yellow-bellied 

 Red-poll W.vrbler. Said to dififer in being more brightly and continuously yellow on the 

 under parts, with the streaks confined mostly to the sides, broadly tear-shaped instead of linear, 

 reddisli instead of dusky; lower eyelid yellow, not whitish; back brighter olive. "Atlantic 

 States, from East Florida to Nova Scotia." According to this, hypochrysea should be the 

 common bird of the Atlantic States, and what is above described as true palmarum should be 

 the bird of the interior. But I have little faith in the validity of the physical characters 

 assigned, and none in the geographical distincti(ras sought to be established. 



.134. D. pi'nus. (Lat. /)^n^«s, a pine.) Pixe Warbler. Pine-creepino Warbler. ^ : Uniform 

 yellowish-olive above, yellow below, paler or white on belly and under tail-coverts, shaded and 

 sometimes obsoletely streaked with darker on the sides ; superciliary line yellow ; wing-bars 

 white ; tail-blotches confined to two outer pairs of feathers, large, oblique. 9 ^^^^ young : 

 Similar, duller ; sometimes merely olive-gray above and sordid wliitish below, thus making 

 very ^iingy, non-committal objects. The variations in precise shade are interminable ; but the 



