SYLVICOLIDJE — ICTERIIN^ : CHATS. 311 



some obscure whitishness about the lores and orbits. Young : Similar to the adult female, but 

 the olive of the upper parts with much of a brownish tiuge, the yellow parts and, in fact, most 

 of the under parts, quite buffy. The adults, in fall and winter, are similar to each other, except 

 in the purer and stronger yellow of the male, as at that season 

 the peculiar black and ashy markings of the head are wautiug. 

 Both sexes then resemble the autumnal plumage of the young 

 in the bro^vner shade of the olive and buffiuess of the under parts. 

 U. S., from Atlantic to Pacific; breeds throughout tliis range; 

 ^ winters from the southern border southward. An abundant and 

 familiar inhabitant of shrubbery and underbrush, the sameness 



of which is enlivened by its sprightly presence and hearty song ^^^ ^_^ _ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ei- 

 tlu-oughout the summer months. Nest on the ground or near it, low-tbroat, j, nat. size. (Ad 

 usually carefully concealed, of large size and built of any rub- nat. del. E.C.) 

 bish; eggs 4-6, usually 0.60-0.70 long by 0.50-0.55, white, rather sparingly sprinkled, and 

 mostly at the large end, with several shades of brown : but the markings, like the size and 

 shape of the eggs, are very variable. 



142. G. philadel'phia. (To the city of brotherly love ; Gr. (piXea, ])hileo, I love ; a8fX(^os, adelphos, 

 brother.) Mourning Warbler. $9,"^^ spring : Biight oHve, below clear yellow ; on the 

 head the olive passes insensibly into ash ; in high plumage of $ the throat and breast black ; 

 but generally ash, showing black traces, the feathers being black veiled with ash, producing a 

 peculiar appearance suggestive of the bird's wearing crape ; ^^'ings and tail unmarked, glossed 

 with olive ; under mandible and feet flesh-color ; no white about eyes in adult $ . Young, 

 and generally fall specimens : Ash of the fore parts veiled with olive ; sides and across breast 

 quite olivaceous, leaving only central line of under parts yellow; blackish-ash of jugulum veiled 

 by bright yeUow tips of the feathers ; eyelids brownish-yellow. Young birds have little or no 

 ash on the head, and no black on the throat, thus resembling Oporornis agilis; but are of 

 course distinguishable by their generic characters. Length 5.25-5.50; extent 7.50-8.00; 

 wing and tail, each, about 2.25. Eastern U. S., W. to Kansas and Dakota, rare in most 

 localities in the Atlantic States, but abundant in the Mississippi Valley ; migratory ; no record 

 of wintering in the U. S. ; breeds chiefly in the northernmost tier of States and along the British 

 border. Nidification like that of G. trichas; eggs not distinguishable. 



143. G. macgillivray'i. (To Wm. MacGillivray, the eminent Scotch ornithologist, co-author of 

 Audubon's works.) Macgillivray's Warbler. ^ 9 : Upper pai-ts, including exposed 

 surfaces of wings and tail, dear olive-green ; below, bright yellow, shaded with olive on the 

 sides. Head and neck all around, throat, and fore breast, clear ashy ; eyelids white; the loral 

 region usually dusky, the throat with blackish centres to the feathers, veiled by their gray 

 skirting. Upper mandible blackish ; under mandible and feet flesh -colored or pale yellowish. 

 Length 5.25 ; extent 5.75-8.00 ; wing and taO, each, about 2.25. Seasonal and sexual differences 

 those of G. Philadelphia, of which it is the Western representative, differing in having white 

 eyelids, and in never showing a decided black patch on the breast, which is conspicuous in the 

 highly plumaged ^ of the other form ; but thus closely resembling 9 x>hiladelphia, which nor- 

 mally shows a whitish eye-ring, and has not the breast quite black. ^liddle and Western 

 Provinces of the U. S., E. to the limit of trees on the plains, N. to British Columbia ; abundant, 

 migratory ; breeds throughout its U. S. range ; winters beyond. Nest and eggs as in others of 

 the genus. 



16. Subfamily iCTERIIN>E: Chats. 



A small group, framed to accommodate the following genus and its two tropical allies, 

 GranateUus and Teretistris; it is perhaps questionable whether they are most naturally classed 

 with the Warblers. 



