314 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PASSERES— OSCINES. 



squarish, glossy blue-black patch on the crown. Wings and tail plain fuscous, with greenish 

 edgings, unmarked with other color. Upper mandible dark ; under mandible and feet light. 

 Length 4.75; extent 6.75-7.00; wing 2.00-2.25; tail 2.00. 9 , and young: Lacking the 

 black cap, the crown being colored like the back. There is very little variation in this species, 

 according to age or season, though the adult summer birds are the more riclily colored. N. Am. 

 at large, in wooded regions ; common, migratory. Breeds from the northernmost States north- 

 ward to the limit of trees, and in the Rocky Mts. as far south as Colorado at least ; winters 

 extralimital. Nest on the ground ; eggs 4-5, 0.00 X 0.50, white, speckled and blotched with 

 dark reddish-brown and lilac. 



148. M. p. pileola'tus. (Lai. pileolatus, weiiving the jnleiim, a. kind oi civp.) Western Black- 

 capped Fly-catching Warbler. Specimens from the Southern Rocky Mts. and Pacific 

 «oast region are frequently of a brighter yellow, almost orange, on the head and fore parts 

 below, with the under mandible bright yellow. 



149. 31. canaden'sis. (Lat. of Canada. Fig. 175.) Canadian Fly-catching Warbler. ^, 

 crown speckled with lanceolate black marks, crowded and gen- 

 erally continuous on the forehead ; the latter divided length- 

 wise by a slight yellow line; short superciliary line and edges 

 of eyelids yellow ; lores black, continuous with black under the 

 eye, and this passing as a chain of black streaks down the side 

 of the neck and prettily encircling the throat like a necklace 

 of jet ; excepting these streaks and the white under tail-coverts, 

 the entire under parts are clear yellow; wings and tail unmarked; 

 feet flesh-color. ^ in autumn with the yellow very rich, even 

 tipping the feathers of the black necklace. Length 5.25-5.50; 

 extent 7-75-8.25 ; wing 2.50; tail 2.25. In the 9 and young the 



catching Warblen°* (Ad na^t hlack of crown, cheeks, and necklace is obscure or much restricted, 

 del. E.G.) and in the young the back may be glossed with olive; but they 



cannot be mistaken for any other species. Eastern N. Am., an abundant and beautiful wood- 

 land species, migratory, breeding from the Middle States occasionally, from New England regu- 

 larly, northward to the limit of trees. Nest on the ground, in which respect species of this 

 genus diifer from most S-i/lvieolidce and resemble Helminthophila ; eggs 4-5, 0.75X0.55, 

 white, dotted and blotched with reddish-brown after the usual fashion of warbler eggs. 

 45. CARDELLI'NA. (Apparently derived from Lat. carduelis, a kind of Finch ; carduus, a 

 thistle.) Rose Fly-catching Warblers. Bill Parine in shape, much shorter than head, 

 high at base, culmen convex throughout ; commissure curved. Rictal bristles stiff, but hardly 

 reaching half-way from nostrils to tip of bill, which shows scarcely a trace of notch. Wings 

 long and pointed; 2d, 3d, and 4th quiUs nearly equal and longest ; 1st a little longer than 5th. 

 Tail shorter than wings, nearly even. Feet small; tarsal scutella indistinct externally; tarsus 

 longer than middle toe and claw. 



150. C. ru'brifrons. (Lat. ruber, red ; frons, front, forehead.) Red-fronted Fly-catching 

 Warbler. $ 9 : Upper parts ash, wings and tail rather darker, edged with ashy-white; 

 a broader and whiter bar across ends of median coverts. Below, from the breast, white, more 

 or less shaded with ashy on the sides, and tinged with rosy. Rump and a nnchal patch white, 

 or rosy-white. Whole head, throat, sides of the neck, and fore breast, bright red, with a broad 

 black cap extending: down on the sides of the head, involving the eyes and ears, ending in a 

 point below the auriculars. The border of this cap is squarely transverse against the red of tlie 

 forehead from eye to eye ; behind it, the red reaches up the sides of neck, but not across tlie 

 back of tlie neck, the white nuchal area there meeting the ashy of the back. Bill and feet 

 dark. In the highest summer plumage, the red is rich and carmine in hue, the cap glossy- 

 black ; the under parts are much tinged with rosy ; the rump is snowy-white. Less richly- 



