358 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PASSEEES—OSCINL'S. 



of the (J's black hood clearly iudicated, but interrupted and ill-detiued. Sides of breast aud 

 belly with few small sharp dark streaks, instead of heavy black stripes ; other under parts as in 

 the (J. Bill obscure yellowish, dusky-tipped; feet dark brown, not black. Eather smaller. 

 ^ 9 , young, in winter, as usually seen in U. S., without any continuous black, resemble 

 the adult 9 'is to coloration of head and fore parts, and are like winter <J in other respects. 

 The cervical collar may be scarcely appreciable, but usually siiows a trace at least ; sides often 

 quite brown. Fledglings : Continuously streaked on the upper and fore parts with blackisli 

 and brownish-yellow; wings and tail broadly edged with chestnut; bill dark ; feet pale. A 

 species of circumpolar distribution, like the last ; breeding range and winter rovings much the 

 same, but less commonly observed in the U. S. South irregularly to the Middle States, Ohio, 

 Colorado, etc. Nesting like P. nivalis; eggs 4-6, 0.80 X 0.02, dark-colored, very heavily 

 mottled and clouded with chocolate-brown, through which the greenish-gray ground scarcely 

 a\ pears. 



221. C. pic'tus. (Lilt, pictus, -pamtod.) Painted Longspur. Adult ^: Cervical collar and entire 

 imder parts rich fawn color; crown and sides of head black, bounded below by a white line, and 

 interrupted by a white superciliary aud auricular line and white occipital spot. Upper parts 

 streaked with black and brownish -yellow. Lesser and middle wing-coverts black, tipped with 

 white, forming conspicuous patches. One or two outer tail-feathers mostly white. No white 

 on the rest. Legs pale or flesh-colored. Size oHapponicus. Length 6.50 ; extent 11.25 ; wing 

 3.75 ; tail 2.50; tarsus 0.75 ; middle toe and claw, about the same; hind toe and claw, rather 

 less (C. ornatiis is much less in all its dimensions). Young, and generally in winter : Bill dusky- 

 brown above and at tip, paler below ; feet light brown (drying darker) ; toes rather darker. 

 Entire under parts rich yellowish-brown, or buffy (in C ornatus never thus) ; paler on the chin 

 and throat, whicli, with the fore-breast, are obsoletely streaked with dusky; the tibiae white. 

 Tail white only on the two or three outer feathers (in C. ornatus all the feathers, excepting some- 

 times the central pair, are white at the base). Upper parts much as in the adult, but the distinc- 

 tive head-markings wanting, or only obscurely indicated. Interior N. Am. from the region of the 

 Yukon, McKenzie, Saskatchewan and upper Missouri to the prairies of Illinois in winter. It 

 is not found in the Atlantic States, but is common on the prairies of Dakota, Montana, and 

 southward, associated in the fall with C. ornatus, but breeding mostly farther north. Habits 

 aud general aspect of ornatus, but easily distinguished by larger size, buffy under parts, black 

 and white wing-patch, and white only on some lateral instead of all of the tail-feathers. Nest 

 on ground ; eggs size of lapponicus, colored more like ornatus. 



222. C. orna'tus. (Lat. ornatus, adorned). Chestnut-collared Longspur. Black-shoitl- 

 DERED Longspur. White-tailed Longspur. ^, in fuU dress: Cervical collar intense 

 chestnut. Crown black; a whitish spot on nape, and broad white superciliary stripe. Auricu- 

 lars black, mixed with the color of the throat ; throat and most of the sides of head below eyes 

 rusty-white, changing to pure white which extends around sides of neck, partly bordering the 

 chestnut collar. Breast and belly lustrous black, often mixed with intense ferruginous or 

 mahogany feathers, sometimes largely overlaid with this rich sienna-color. Lining of wings 

 pure white. Sides of body, flanks, lower belly and under tail-coverts, white, all but the last 

 usually rusty-tinged. Back, rump, and scapulars brownish-black, varied with grayish-brown 

 edges of the feathers. Wings dark bro\vn without decided markings, though the feathers are 

 pale-edged, excepting jet-black lesser coverts, with or without white tips. Tail like wings, 

 but two or three lateral feathers entirely white, and all the rest basally white in decreasing 

 amount : in flight, the " white tail" is very conspicuous. Bill blackish-plumbeous; feet dark. 

 Smaller than the foregoing : Length 5.75-6.00, rarely 6.25 ; extent 10.25-10.75, rarely 11.00 ; 

 wing 3.00-3.30 ; tail 2.00-2.30. 9 , in full dress : Rather smaller ; size averaging about the lesser 

 figures just given. Upper parts, wings, and tail as before, but lesser coverts not black ; chest- 

 nut collar obscured ; crown like back, separated from the back-markings by a slight rufous 



