COR VID2E — GARB ULINJE : J A YS. 



419 



on belly ; the throat with whitish streaks ; wings dusky on the inner webs. Bill and feet 

 black. Iris brown. Length 11.00-12.00; extent 10.50-19.00; wing 5.50-6.00; tail about 

 4.50; bill 1.33, but from 1.25-1.50; 9 smaller, duller. Rocky Mt. region; much the sauie 

 elevated distribution as the last, but apparently rather more scnitherly ; decidedly gregarious, 

 and very abundant in some places. A remarkable bird, combining the form of a crow with 

 the color and habits of a jay, and a peculiarly shaped bill. It roves about in noisy restless 

 tiocks, sometimes of thousands, in search of food, which is pine seeds, especially pifiones, .juni- 

 per berries, acorns, etc. Breeds in colonies ; nest in pinon pines and other evergreens, compact 

 but bulky, of twigs, and fibrous bark-strips well worked together; eygs ii-l, 1.25 X 0.87, 

 greenish- white, profusely spotted with light brown and purplish ; laid in April. 



27. Subfamily CARRULIN>E: Jays. 



^^ ^ ' -V With the wings much shorter than or about 



'^)\' \ ^^^L a^E^'^i^"^ ■'~ equalling the tail, both rounded; tip of the 



\ r^\ \^^^^^~-''^''-^^Wr^'^ ^^'' ^'^"^ formed by the 4th-7th quills. The feet, 



W'\v'i M/^^fc^^^^^'f '??' 1-^'^^^^ A>~- ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^' *^"^ usually weaker than in 



\lWiliiil W^^^^^^^^^^lii^^^'''^'' ^^ ^"^^^ croM^s, and the birds are more strictly 



^^^^<^^SBKtt^^^K'i^^^:S^~" \ ^J''^*^'™ole, usually advancing by leaps when on 



-^y^^t???'' '^^^^^^^^^K-f /f^^Ki^^ the ground, to which they do not habitually re- 



^u '^yT^'^^^^^^BK^^^^^^^^^ ^^^' ■"■^ striking contrast to most Corvinee, the 



/"'■Tw4S^^^^V^^^^?^B^^^^^^St^ jays are usually birds of bright and varied colors, 



^ ■ Ji'^/^if^ijthm^'^^^^ ^ among which bbie is the most prominent; and 



r- -^fSs^-l^^^l^Yyvi. — ^^^Mp^~^ -^ the head is fi-equently crested. The sexes are 



^H^^j^^^oV^^i^^^ ^— nearly alike, and the changes of plumage do 



VJG.2J2.— -Enropean Jay (Garruius ylandarius). not appear to be as great as is usual among 



(From Dixon.) higlily-colored birds, although some differences 



are frequently observable. Our well-knoMii Blue Jay is a familiar illustration of the habits and 



traits of the species in general. They are found in most parts of the world, and reach their 



highest development in the warmer portions of America. With one boreal exception (Peri- 



soreus), the genera of the Old and New World are entirely different. 



It is proper to observe, that, while the American Corvincs and Garriclims, upon which the 

 foregoing paragraphs are mainly drawn up, are readily distinguishable, the characters given 

 may require modification in their application to the whole family, the different divisions of 

 which appear to intergrade closely. Our six genera are easily discriminated. 



Analysis of Genera. 

 Nostrils large, naked. 



Not crested. General color brown Psilorhinus 109 



Nostrils moderate, covered by feathers. 



First primary attenuated, falcate: tail exceedingly long, graduated. 



Not crested. Colors black, wLite, and iridescent Pica 110 



First primary not attenuated. Tail moderate. 



Crested. Blue: wings and tail barred with black Cyanocitta 111 



Not crested. Blue: wings and tail unbarre<l Aphelocoma 112 



Green and yellow, with blue and black on head Xanthura 113 



Gray, with slaty wings and tail Perisoreus 114 



PSILORHI'NUS. (Gr. yjriKos, psilos, smooth, bare, bald ; pt's, pivos, hris, hrinos, nose.) 

 Brown Jays. Hmoky Pies. Nostrils exposed, large, rounded. Bill stout, with very convex 

 culmen, curved from the base. Wings and tail of about equal lengths, both rounded. Of 

 large size, and smoky-brown color ; not crested. 



P. mo'rio. (Lat. morio, " a dark brown gem.") Brown Jay. Smoky-brown, darker on 

 head, fading on belly ; wings and tail with bluish gloss. Bill and feet black, sometimes yel- 



