TYRANNIDJE . — TYRANNINJE : TYRANT FLYCATCHERS. 441 



Exclusively Eastern Species. 



Largest: rather over than under 6.00; wing nearly or over 3.00 ; tarsus 0.67 ; middle toe and claw 0.50; 



bill nearly or quite 0.50. Clear light olive-green above, below whitish ; wing-bars and eye-ring tawny. 



Nest .//<«Mn fork of a horizontal bough; eggs .s-yjec/./tv/. Not New England acadlciis 384 



Medium: rather under 6.00; wing 'J.70 ; tarsus 0.67, but middle toe and claw 0.60 ; bill hardly 0.50. 



01ive-6ro/f« above, below grayish ; wing-bars and eye-ring whitish. Nest a bulky cup in a. bush; 



eggs speckled. New England trailli 385 



Small: rather under 5.50; proportions and colors nearly as In trailli. Nest a neat cup in upright 



crotch of a ^/^c; eggs w/ti/e. Commonest breeder in S. New England minimus 387 



Medium ; umierpurta thoiouyhly yellow. Nest near f/roawrf in a stump or log, bulky. EggH speckled. 



New England flaviventris 388 



Exclusively fVestern Species. 



The representative of trailli. Eggs speckled pusillu.i 386 



The representative of flaviventris. Eggs speckled difflcilis 389 



Small, and otherwise like minimus ; dark below, breast not very difterent from back; bill extremely 



narrow. Eggs white hammoudi 390 



Large, about the size of acadicus ; olive-brown above; breast dark; outer tail-feather white on outer 



web ; bill very narrow. Eggs white obscurus 391 



E. aca'dicus. (Lat. of Acadia.) Small Green-crested or Acadian Flycatcher. 

 Above, olive-green, clear, light, continuous and uniform (though the crown may show rather 

 darker, owing to dusky centres of the slightly lengthened, erectile feathers) ; below, whitish, 

 olive-shaded on sides and nearly across breast, yellowish-washed on belly, tianks, crissum and 

 axi liars ; wings dusky, inner quills edged, and coverts tipped, with tawny yellow; all the 

 quills whitish-edged internally ; tail dusky, olive-glossed, unmarked ; a tawny eye-ring ; feet 

 and upper mandible brown, under mandible pale. In midsummer, rather darker ; in early fall 

 brighter and especially more yellowish below ; in the young, the wing-markings more fulvous, 

 the general plumage slightly buffy-saffused ; when very young, said to be mottled transversely 

 with pale ochraceous. Lai'gest: .5.75-6.25 — rather over than under 6.00 ; extent rather over 

 than under 9.50 ; wing 2.75-3.00 (even 3.12) ; tail 2.50-2.75 ; bill nearly or quite 0.50, about 

 0.25 wide at nostrils, broad and flat, like a pewee's ; tarsus 0.66 ; middle toe and claw 0.50 ; 

 point of wing reaching nearly an inch beyond the secondaries; 2d, 3d, and 4th quills nearly equal 

 and much {\ inch or more) longer than 1st and 5th, which about equal each other ; 1st mucli 

 longer than 6th. The 9 near the lesser of all the dimensions given. Eastern U. S., southerly, 

 scarcely kmivn in New England; abundant in the Middle and Western States in woodland ; 

 readily recognized by the points of size and shape, without regarding coloration. Nest in trees, 

 in horizontal fork of a slender bough ; thin and open-worked, shallow, flat, saucer-shaped ; eggs 

 2-4, 0.78 X 0.56, creamy-white, boldly spotted, resembling a wood pewee's. (^Muscicapa sub- 

 viridis Bartram, 1791 ; Empidonax subviridis Coues, 1882 (name acadicus geographically 

 false). Miiscicapa querula \Yil.s., ii, 77, pi. 13, f. 3; M. acadica Aud., B. Am., Svo. ed. 1840, 

 i, 221, pi. 62; Empidonax acadicus Bd., B. N. A., 1858, p. 197.) 



E. trailli. (To T. S. Traill, of Edinburgh.) Traill's Flycatcher. Above, olive- 

 hrown, lighter and duller brownish posteriorly, darker on head, owing to obviously dusky 

 centres of the coronal feathers ; below, nearly as in acadicus, but darker, the olive-gray shading 

 quite across the breast ; wing-markings grayish-white with slight yellowish or tawny shade ; 

 under mandible pale; ujiper mandible and feet black. Averaging smaller than acadicus; 

 length 5.50-6.00 ; extent under 9.50, usually 8.75-9.00 ; wing 2.66-2.75, more rounded than 

 in acadicus, its tip only reaching about f of an inch beyond the secondaries, formed by 2d, 3d 

 and 4th quills, as before, but 5th not so much shorter (hardly or not \ of an inch), the 1st ranging 

 between 5th and 6th ; tail 2.50; tarsus 0.66, as before, but middle toe and claw 0.60, the feet 

 thus diflFerently proportioned, owing to length of toes ; Inll not so broad and flat as in acadicus. 

 Eastern N. Am. to the Plains, common ; an entirely diflerent bird from acadicus, but difficult 

 if not impossible to distinguish from the following variety ; almost the same in color as minimus, 

 but larger, and otherwise perfectly distinct. A common breeder from New England and Canada 



