TETRA ONIDjE — TETBA ONINJE : GBO USE. 



577 



and Southern States — wherever the Ruflfcd Grouse is called " pheasant," the Bob-white, Ortyx 

 vmjiniana, is called " partridge." (3.) The term " quail" is specially applicable to the Euro- 

 pean Migratory or Messina Quail, Coturnix dactylisonans. But this resembles our liob- white 

 not distantly, causing the latter to be called '' quail " in the sections where the Rufled and Spruce 

 Grouse are called " partridge ; " and in the Southwest, the species of Lophortyx, Oreortyx, and 

 ry;7a)i7/j; are universally called "quail." The following tabular statement should bring the 

 matter clearly into view. 



Summary of North American Tetraonid^ — Grouse, Partridge, Quail. 

 A. Grouse, with feathers on shank (Tetraonince) . 



Western. One species 



Sage Foivl: Sage Cock; Sage-Hen; Cock-of-the-Plains. 



Centrocercus urophasianus. 

 Sharp-tailed Grouse : Pin-tail Grouse ; Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the North- 

 west : 1 species, 2 varieties : Pedioecetes phasianellus. 

 Pinnated Grouse : common Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the Mississippi, Ohio, 



and Lower Missouri valleys. One species ; two varieties : Cupidonia eupido. 

 Tree Grouse : Spruce Grouse ; Black Grouse ; the Northern States species improperly 



called " partridge." One species, two varieties: Canace canadensis. 



Another species of 3 varieties, confined to the West : Canace obscura. 

 Buffed Grouse : improperly called " partridge " in the Northern and " pheasant" in the 



Middle and Southern States. One species, Bonasa umbella, of 3 varieties. 

 Snoiv Grouse, or Ptarmigan. Three species of Lagopus, boreal and alpine, turning 



white in winter : L. albus, L. rupestris, L. leucurus. 



B. Partridge and Quail, without feathers on shank (Odonto2i1iorince). 



7. The imported Messina Quail, or Migratory Quail of Europe : one species : Coturnix 



dactylisonans. 



8. Bob-white: called "quail" in Northern States; called "partridge" in the Middle 



and Southern States. One species : Ortyx virginiana, with 2 varieties, one in 

 Florida, the other in Texas. 



9. Helmet Partridges: of the Southwest, commonly called "quail," with a beautiful 



recurved toi>knot. Two species of Lophortyx : L. gambeli, L. calif ornica, commonly 

 called " valley quail." 



10. Arroiv Partridge : with two long arrowy plumes on the head. One species, of Cali- 



fornia : Orortyx picta, commonly called " mountain quail." 



11. Shell Partridge: bluish- white markings, as if scaly. One species, Southwest. Calli- 



pepla squamata. 



12. Massena Partridge (not to be confused with the 

 imported Messina Quail) : mth a soft crest and 

 numberless white "eyes" on the belly. South- 

 west. One species : Cyrtonyx massena. 

 In all, 26 varieties, of 16 species, of 12 genera, of 2 



subfamilies, of 1 family. 



52. Subfamily TETRAONIN/E: Grouse. 



Head completely feathered, excepting, usually, a 

 naked strip of skin over the eye. Nasal fossae densely 

 feathered. Tarsi more or less perfectly feathered, the 

 feathering sometimes extending on the toes to the 

 claws; the toes, when naked, \vith horny fringe-like 

 processes. Tail variable in shape, but never folded, 

 37 



Fig. 396. — ' Red Game ' of Britain, Lagopus 

 scoticiis. (From Dixon.) 



