CHARADBIIDJE—CHABADRIIN^: PLOVER. 603 



variety Cperhaps only some intlividuals) with the hlack necklace complete. Described from the 

 Headwaters of the Platte, in Nebraska, July; probably breeding there. 



.589. iE. hiati'cula. '^Diniin. of Lat. hiatus, a gape ; hiaticula being a translation of x^P^^pi^os, ' 

 clKimdrios, because the bird is found about the mouths (hiatus) of rivers.) European Ring 

 Plovkr. Size of No. 580, or rather larger, and general aspect the same; no evident web 

 between inner and middle toe, that between outer and middle only reaching to end of first joint 

 of the latter; no colored ring round eye; one description would answer for the head-markings 

 of bt)th, but black bars very heavy; white touches on eye-lids. Upper parts hair-brown. 

 Primaries blackish-brown, the outer four or five with white only on the shafts for a space near 

 their ends, the white beginning to invade the webs on the fourth or fifth, and enlarging in 

 width with diminishing length on the rest. Secondaries white with dark ends of diminishing 

 length inwards, till one or two of the short inner ones are almost entirely white ; the long flow- 

 ing innermost ones, however, like the back. Tail as in ^. semipalmatus. Length about 

 7.50 ; wing 5.00 ; tail 2.45 ; bill 0.60, orange, with black tip ; tarsus 0.95 ; middle toe and claw 

 0.85 ; feet orange ; claws black. Young like that of ^. semipalmatus j no black on vertex; 

 that of side of head and around neck dusky-gray ; whitish front, line over eye, and under eyelid ; 

 primaries quite dark with white spaces on shafts and webs well marked ; feathers of upper parts 

 with pale beady tips ; ends of even middle tail-feathers white. Widely distributed in the Old 

 World; Greenland; Cumberland Sound, N. A. (Description from a N. A. specimen.) 



590. JE. curo'iiicus. (Lat. curonicus, of Courland, on the Baltic.) European Lesser Ring 

 Plover. Closely resembling the last ; smaller ; black bands not so broad ; black of vertex 

 and auriculars bordered behind with white ; shaft of 1st primary alone white ; bill extremely 

 slender, black, yellow only at base of lower mandible ; legs yellowish flesh-color ; a colored 

 ring round eye. Length about 6.00 ; bill 0.60 ; wing 4.35 ; tail 2.30 ; tarsus 0.90. Inhabits 

 much of the Old World ; questionably N. Am., on the Pacific side. Young : Difiers much as 

 young hiaticula does. Ring around neck dusky-gray ; that on side of head chiefly reduced to 

 a loral stripe. No black across vertex ; white of forehead soiled. Upper parts darker than in 

 adult, in an early stage with pale or fulvous edgings of the feathers. (A. microrhynchus Ridg.) 



.591. JE. cantia'nus nivo'sus. (LiRt. cant ianus, Kentish; Lat. muosMS, snowy (white).) Snowy 

 Ring Plover ^, in breeding dress: Above, pale ashy-gray, little darker than in JE. 

 melodus. Top of head with a fulvous tinge. A broad black coronal bar from eye to eye. 

 A narrower black post-ocular stripe, tending to meet its fellow on nape, and thus encircle 

 the fulvous area. A broad black patch on each side of the breast ; no sign of its completion 

 above or below ; no complete black loral stripe (as in JE. cantianus), but indication of such 

 in a small dark patch on either side of base of upper mandible. Forehead, continuous with 

 line over eye, sides of head excepting the black post-ocular stripe, and whole under parts 

 excepting the black lateral breast-patches, snowy-white. No white ring complete around back 

 of neck. Primaries blackish, especially at bases and ends, the intermediate extent fuscous ; 

 shaft of the 1st white, of others white for a space ; nearly all the primaries bleaching toward 

 bases of inner webs, but only some of the inner ones with a white area on outer webs. 

 Primary coverts like the primaries, but white-tipped. Greater coverts like the back, but 

 white-tipped. Secondaries dark brown, bleaching internally and basally in increasing extent 

 from without inwards, their shafts white along their respective white portions. Tertiaries like 

 back. Several intermediate tail-feathers like back, darkening toward ends ; two or three 

 lateral pairs entirely white ; all the feathers more pointed than usual. Bill slender and acute, 

 black. Legs black. Length 6.50-7.00; extent 13.50-14.00; wing 4.00-4.25; tail 2.00 or 

 less; bill 0.60; tarsus 1.00; middle toe and claw 0.75. In winter (young ?) : Upper plumage 

 rather darker than as above said, and less uniform, the individual feathers with pale edges. 

 Whole crowTi like back.; no black or fulvous on head ; forehead vA'hite ; lores slightly dusky ; 

 black of sides of breast replaced by a patch of the color of the back. Bill black ; tarsi livid 



