706 SYSTEMA TIC SYNOPSIS. — LAMELLIBOSTBES — ANSEBES. 



ellipsoidal, about 2.00 X 1-50, in tint buft'y-drab (between grayish-olive and rich creamy- 

 white.) 



293. HAREL'DA. (The Icelandic name.) Long-tail Duck. Bill shorter than head, about as 

 long as tarsus, high at base, nearly parallel-sided to the rounded end occupied by the broad 

 nail; the upper lateral angles of most ducks obsolete, the feathers sweeping obliquely down- 

 ward from those on culmen ; those of chin reaching about opposite nostrils, Avhich are placed 

 high up in basal half of bill ; the commissure ascending near end, then decurved into the 

 prominent nail. Tail of 14 feathers, in $ as long as wing by excessive elongation of the 

 narrow middle feathers (more so than in Dufila of AnatincB) : $ scapulars also long lance- 

 linear, produced straight over the vnng. Sexual and seasonal plumages unlike. Crissum 

 white; no white on wing nor any speculum; coloration chiefly black, white, and brown, with 

 reddish on back in summer. 



128. H. glacia'lis. (Lat. glacialis, icy.) Long-tailed Duck. South-soutiiebly. Old- 

 wife. Old-squaw. $, in breeding dress: Bill black, broadly orange toward end; iris 

 carmine ; feet livid bluish, with dusky webs and black claws. Head <m top and behind black- 

 ish, vidth a gi-eat patch of silvery-gray, whitening around and behind eye. Neck all around 

 and fore breast, very dark chocolate-brown, almost blackish ; quills and lining of wings the 

 same; under parts from the breast abruptly white. Upper parts at large, and long taO- 

 feathers, blackish, the long scapulars varied with bright reddish; tlie shorter tail-feathers 

 whitish, the lateral wholly so, the intermediate ones in part dark. Length very variable, 

 according to development of the tail, up to 23 inches ; middle tail-feathers up to 8 or 9 inches 

 long, the lateral only about 2.50 ; wing 8.50-9.50 ; extent 30.00; bill 1.25 ; tarsus the same ; 

 middle toe and claw twice as much. Adult $, in winter: No reddish on upper parts; the 

 scapulars pearly-gi-ay. Head, neck, and fore back white or whitish, with gray cheek -patch, 

 and dark bro-wn or blackish patch below ear. Fore breast of the latter color, set squarely 

 between white of neck and belly. Upper* parts except as said, and four middle tail-feathers 

 (less developed than in summer) blackish ; the rest white. Bill extensively orange, with naU 

 and broad saddle on mandible black. Young $ in first winter with bill and feet dusky. Adult 

 9: No elongation of tail or scapulars; length about 18.00; extent under 30.00; wing 8.00- 

 9.00 ; tail about 3.00. Bill and feet dusky-greenish ; iris yeUow. Head, neck, and upper parts 

 dark grayish-brown, paler on throat, with large grayish-white patch around eye and another 

 on side of neck ; imder parts white, shaded along the sides. Thus an obscure medium-sized 

 duck ; notice generic characteristics of bill, 14 tail-feathers, no white on wing, gray head and 

 neck-patches in dark surroundings. N. Hemisphere, northerly, especially maritime ; also or 

 large inland waters ; U. S. in winter only, breeding in high latitudes. A lively voluble duck 

 caUed by SundevaU melodious: ^^ Anas canora, oh cantiim vernaJem suavem et sonorum": ar 

 expert diver, rank animal feeder; meat bad. Nest on ground ; eggs-G-7, smooth, drab-colored 

 2.20 X 1-50, to L90 X 1.40. 



294. CAMPTOL-.^'MUS. (Or. ko^tttos, kamptos, flexible ; Xaifios, laimos, throat ; referring to 

 the leathery expansion of the biU.) Pied Duck. Bill nearly as long as head, longer than 

 tarsus, not higher than broad at the base, nearly paraUel-sided, but \videned toward end by 

 a leathery expansion of edge of upper mandible, the naU distinct. Teeth of upper mandible 

 slight, oblique ; of under mandible very prominent, vertical. Frontal angles slight. Nostrils 

 high up in basal third of bill. Cheek-feathers stiflBsh and bristly, with enlarged horny ends, 

 extending on side of upper mandible in moderately convex outline, to about oi)posite those of 

 chin. Wings short, vaulted, with curved primaries, the 1st and 2d subequal and longest ; inner 

 secondaries long and tapering. Tail short, about two-fifths the wing, 14-feathered. Colora- 

 tion of (J black and white : 9 bro^^ni, gray, and white. One remarkable species. 



729. C. labrado'rius. (Of Labrador. Fig. 492.) Labrador Duck. Pied Duck. Adult ^ : 

 Bill black with orange at base and along edges, and grayish-blue along the ridge ; iris reddisJi- 



