PROCELLABIIDyE : PROCELLARIINjE : FULMARS. Ill 



Stormy Petrels, with nasal tube as before, the bill variable. Length under 10.00. 

 Claws hooked, acute; tardus little if any longer than middle toe and claw. 



Tail cuneate. Color unifurui fuliginous Halocyptena 325 



Tail nearly square. Color fuliginous, with white Procellaria 326 



Tail forked. Color fuliginous, or dark with white Cymochorea 327 



Tail forked. Color bluish or grayish, with white Oceanodrcma 328 



Claws flat, obtuse; tarsus much longer than middle toe and claw. 



Color fuliginous; upper tail-coverts white; webs yellow Occmiites 329 



Color dark, the underparts white ; webs black Fregetta 330 



Shearwaters, with low broad nasal case, and end of under mandible hooked like the upper. Length 12.00 

 or more. 



Nasal tube truncate, with the partition thin, as in fulmars Priofinus 331 



Nasal tube obliquely truncate, the partition thick Puffinus 332 



320. OSSI'FRAGA. (Lat. ossifraga, bone-breaking; os and frango.) Giant Fulmar. Of 

 iuiinense size and powerful organization ; as large as most of the albatrosses. Bill longer than 

 head, about as long as tarsus, very robust, deeply grooved ; nasal tube very long, depressed, 

 carinate, with contracted orifice ; reaching half way or more from base to tip of bill. Hook 

 of bill large and strong. Commissure sinuate ; gape restricted, not reaching under eye. 

 Frontal feathers extending obtusely upon root of nasal case ; mental feathers extending to 

 gonys. Outline of lower mandibular rami about straiglit ; gonys straight, ascending, with 

 obtuse angle. Feet large; tibiae bare below ; tarsus short, much less than middle toe without 

 claw, reticulate ; outer and middle toes with claws of equal lengths ; hind toe merely a stout 

 claw ; webs full. Wings short, not very acute, folding short of end of tail. Tail moderate, 

 graduated, 16-feathered. One species. 



813. O. gigan'tea. (Lat. gigantea, gigantic.) Giant Fulmar. Bone-breaker. The largest 

 of the petrels, equalling most of the albatrosses in size. Length about 3.00 feet; spread 

 7.00 feet; wing 20.00 inches; tail 8.00; bill 3.50-4.00, the nasal case nearly 2.00; tarsus 

 3.50 ; middle or outer toe and claw nearly 6.00 ; inner do. 4.50. Plumage vei-y variable 

 with age or other circumstances ; usually dark dingy gray, or uniform fuliginous above, paler, 

 whitish or white below ; wings and tail uniform dusky ; bill mostly yellow (dried) ; feet 

 dingy yellowish or brownish -black. Pacific Ocean ; " common off Monterey." 



321. FUL'3IARUS. (Latinized from Eiag. fulmar.) Fulmars. Of moderate size, and general 

 gull-hke aspect ; white with pearly-blue mantle. Bill shorter than tarsus, about two-thirds 

 as long as head, very robust, especially at base, with turgid sides ; hook short, stout, very 

 convex, rising almost from the end of the nasal case ; commissure greatly curved ; outline 

 of mandibular rami a little concave; gonys ascending; grooves of both mandibles profound. 

 Nasal tube long, nearly half the culmen, prominent, turgid, with straight upper outline, 

 truncate emarginate end and thin partition. Wings of moderate length, folding about to end 

 of tail; primaries broad, tapering rapidly to rounded ends, 2d nearly as long as 1st. Tail 

 of 14 feathers broad to their ends, somewhat graduated. Feet rather small, gull-like ; tibise 

 bare below ; tarsus compressed, three-fourths as long as middle toe and claw. Outer ;ind 

 middle toes with claws of about equal lengths ; hind toe appearing as a stout sessile claw. 

 One species, of several varieties. 



814. F. glacia'lis. (hut. glacialis, icy.) Fulmar. Length 15.00-20.00 inches, averaging 16.50; 

 wing 11.00-13.00 ; tail 4.00 or 5.00 ; chord of culmen 1.50 (1.30-1.80); bill about 0.75 deep 

 at base, and nearly as wide ; nasal tube 0.60 long ; tarsus 2.00 (average) ; middle toe without 

 claw 2.25. Adult ^ 9 • White; mantle pale pearly-blue, restricted to back and wings, or 

 extending on head and tail ; usually a dark spot in front of eye ; quills dark ashy-brown. 

 Bill yellow, tinged with sea-green on Culmen and lower mandible, the opening of the nostrils 

 black; feet drying dingy yellowish, said to be delicate French gray in life; iris bro\^Ti. 

 Young : Smoky-gray, paler below, the feathers of the upper parts with darker margins ; 

 primaries as in the adult ; colors of bill and feet obscured. Extraordinarily abundant in the N. 



